Β    3    3bM    D57 


ANDERBILT  ORiENTAL  SERiES— VOL.  iX. 


lEOO-PERSIAN  NAMES 


5f 


EXCHANGE 


THE  VANDERBILT  ORIENTAL  SERIES 

EDITED  BT 

Herbert  Gushing  Tolman  and  James  Henry  Stevenson 


GRAECO-PERSIAN  NAMES 


ALVIN  H.  M.  ST^ONECIPHER,  Ph.D. 

PROFESSOR  IN  INDIANA  CENTRAL 
UNIVERSITY 


NEW  YORK      :       CINCnTNATI      :      CHICAGO 
AMERICAN  BOOK  COMPANY 


CS  soao 


COPTBIGHT,  191* 
BT 

Alvim  H.  M.  Btonecifber 


TO 

Herbert  Gushing  Tolman.  LLD.,  S.T.D.,  PLD. 

διδάσκαλο)  πολυμαθεΐ 

φιλφ  άληθινι^ 

καθηγψ-β  σοφφ 


9S6296 


FOREWORD 

The  following  work  has  seemed  necessary  because 
of  two  lines  of  interest  which  unite  in  this  subject. 
It  is  intended  to  be  a  contribution  both  to  the  pres- 
ent all  too  scanty  fund  of  information  concerning 
the  Ancient  Persian  people  and  language  and  to  the 
interest  and  value  of  the  Greek  literature  which 
deals  with  this  people.  The  value  of  an  investiga- 
tion of  this  subject  is  further  enhanced  by  the  fact 
that  so  large  a  part  of  the  Ancient  Persian  personal 
names  now  extant  are  preserved  in  Greek  literature. 

Ferdinand  Justi's  exhaustive  work,  Iranisches 
Namenhuch,  furnishes  a  collection  and  historical 
classification  of  Ancient  Iranian  names,  to  which 
constant  reference  has  been  made  during  the  prepa- 
ration of  this  treatise.  Due  consideration  has  also 
been  given  to  the  etymological  phase  of  Justi's  work. 
The  chief  linguistic  sources  on  w^hich  the  author  has 
relied  are  Tolman's  Aficient  Persimi  Lexicon  and 
Texts  and  Bartholomae's  Altiranisches  Worterhuch, 
Due  reference  to  these  and  other  works  is  found 
throughout  the  volume. 

Acknowledgment  is  here  made  of  the  valuable  as- 
sistance rendered  in  proof-reading  by  Dr.  H.  C.  Tol- 
man  and  Dr.  E.  L.  Johnson,  both  of  Vanderbilt  Uni- 
versity. 

The  author  owes  Professor  Tolman  special  thanks 
also  for  the  personal  interest  which  he  has  taken  in 
this  work  from  the  beginning  and  for  the  wise  coun- 
sel which  he  has  ever  been  ready  to  give. 

Alvin  H.  M.  Stonecipher. 

Vanderbilt  University,  August  24,  1917. 

(v) 


TABLE  OF  CONTENTS 

Paok 

Foreword   ν 

Abbreviations    vli 

General  Discussion  1 

Grseco-Persian  Names  15 

Phonology   72 

Ancient  Persian  Word-List 79 

Hypocoristic  Suflftxes 86 

(vi) 


ABBREVIATIONS 

Αγ.  =  Aryan. 

Art.  Sus.  =  Artaxerxes  Inscriptions  of  Susa. 

Av.  =  Avestan. 

Bh.  =  Behistan. 

Bthl.,    Grund.  =  Bartliolomse,    Grundriss    der    iranischen 
Philologie. 

Btlil.,  Wb.  =  Bartholomae,  Altiranisches  Worterbuch. 

Bthl.,  Zum  Wb.  =  Bartholomae,  Zum  Altiranischen  Worter- 
buch. 

comp.  =:in  composition. 

Dar.  NR.  =  Darius  Inscriptions  of  Naks-i-Rustam. 

Dar.  Sz.  =  Darius  Inscriptions  of  Suez. 

Elam.  =:  Elamite. 

Fragm.  =  Fragmenta  Historicorum  Grsecorum  (MuUer). 

GAv.  =  Ga(^  Avesta. 

Goth.  =  Gothic. 

Gr.  =  Greek. 

Gram.  =  Grammaire  du  Vieux  Perse  (Meillet). 

Gr.  PN.  =  Grlechische  Personennamen  (Fick). 

Hdt.  =  Herodotus. 

Historical  Grammar  =  Historical  Grammar  of  the  Ancient 
Persian  Language  (Johnson). 

hype.  =  hypocoristic. 

I.  E.  =  Indo-European. 

IF.  =  Indogermanische  Forschungen. 

Keiper  =  Die  Perser  des  Aeschylos. 

KZ.  =  Zeitschrif t  f iir  vergleichende  Sprachf orschung. 

Lex.  and  Texts  =  Ancient  Persian  Lexicon  and  Texts  (Tol- 
man). 

Madressa  Jubl.   Vol.  =  Sir  Jamsetjee  Jejeebhoy   Madressa 
Jubilee  Volume. 

Marquart  =  J.  Marquart,  Die  Assyrika  des  Ktesias. 

Middle  Pers.  =  Middle  Persian. 

NB.  =  Iranisches  Namenbuch  (Justi). 

New  Pers.  =  New  Persian. 

(yii) 


viii  Abbkeviations 

0.  Η.  G.  =  Old  High  GermaiL 
Oss.  =  Ossetic. 
Pahl.  =  Pahlavl. 

PPA.  =  present  active  participle. 
PPfP.  =  perfect  passive  participle. 
Seal  Inscr.  =  Seal  Inscriptions. 
Skt.  =  Sanskrit. 

Xerx.  Pers.  =  Xerxes  Inscriptions  of  Persepolis. 
YAv.  =  Younger  Avesta. 

ZDMG.  =  Zeitschrif  t     der     Deutschen     Morgenlandischen 
Gesellschaft. 


GENERAL  DISCUSSION 

1.  An  investigation  of  the  etymology  and  meaning 
of  Graeco-Persian  personal  names  is  carried  on,  by 
no  means,  without  difficulties.  One  of  these  difficul- 
ties is  apparent  from  the  very  title  given  to  this 
work,  Ge^.co-Peesian  Names.  The  transmission  of 
these  Persian  names  through  any  foreign  medium 
would  naturally  disguise  them  to  a  certain  degree, 
but  this  is  especially  true  when  that  medium  is  Greek. 

The  Greeks  are  commonly  reputed  to  have  been 
very  inaccurate  in  the  transcription  of  foreign  names. 
This  reputation  is  justified,  at  least  with  regard  to 
their  treatment  of  the  Ancient  Persian.  Such  names 
as  *  Αρταξέρξης  from  Artaxsa^'a,  Με-γάβνζος  from  Baga- 
buxsa,  2/Λε/)δΐ5  from  Bardiya,  Ύζίσπη?  from  Cispi  (Caispi), 
and  others  testify  to  the  freedom  exercised  by  the 
Greeks  in  this  regard. 

2.  But  there  were  real  difficulties  to  be  encountered 
by  the  Greek  writer  who  desired  to  record  a  Persian 
name.  There  were  certain  sounds  in  some  of  these 
names  which  could  not  be  reproduced  exactly  by  any 
of  the  letters  of  the  Greek  alphabet.  Chief  among 
them  were  those  represented  by  the  characters  c,  j,  Θ, 
O'^y  V,  and  s.  But  variations  in  transliteration  were 
by  no  means  limited  to  these.  A  glance  at  the  chap- 
ter on  phonology  will  show  that  some  of  the  other 
letters  have  just  as  varied  a  representation. 

3.  Another  difficulty  and  source  of  variety  is  one 
which,  however,  cannot  be  charged  against  the  Greek 
historian.  This  lies  in  the  possible  lack  of  unity 
within  the  Ancient  Persian  language  itself  or  in  the 

(1) 


2  General  Discussion 

existence  of  a  number  of  dialects  which  contributed 
Iheir  share  to  the  special  forms  of  the  names  received 
by  the  Greeks. 

4.  The  subject  of  Ancient  Iranian  dialects  is  one 
of  Λvhich  little  is  known.  Literary  monuments  of 
but  two  of  these  ancient  dialects  have  come  down  to 
us,  the  inscriptions  of  the  Achsemenidan  kings  and 
the  Avestan  literature.  The  first  of  these  was  the 
language  of  Per  sis,  the  southwestern  dialect;  the 
locality  of  the  other  has  not  been  definitely  deter- 
mined. That  other  dialects  existed  is  evident,  but 
nothin<y  remains  which  furnishes  direct  knowledge. 
The  question  of  how  far  these  dialects  influenced  the 
proper  names  which  the  Greeks  have  handed  down 
to  us  as  Persian  is  one  which  must,  for  the  most  part, 
be  left  undetermined.  The  supremacy  of  the  Achae- 
menidans  stamped  many  things  as  Persian  which  did 
not  be'ong  to  Persis  proper.  So  a  number  of  the 
names  which  Greek  authorities  give  as  Persian  may 
have  had  their  origin  in  other  dialects.  This,  then, 
may  account  in  part  for  the  frequent  dissimilarity 
between  the  Greek  forms  of  the  names  and  the  cor- 
responding Ancient  Persian  words. 

5.  As  evidence  of  dialect  influence  upon  certain 
names  given  us  by  the  Greeks  as  Persian  is  cited  the 
variety  of  forms  in  which  I.  E.  tr  >  Ar.  tr  appears. 
It  is  represented  in  Ancient  Persian  by  θ"^  (Tolman;  ς, 
Meillet:  r,  AVeissbach),  which  was  probably  a  sibilant. 
This  sound  is  reproduced  by  σ,  σσ  in  Άσώάτψ,  Τισσα- 
φίρνψ^  and  ^Ω/χισο9,  by  Θρ  in  Φαρναζάθρψ  and  ^Οξάθρα^  by 

rp  in  '^ατραβάτη^  and  Άτραδάττ;?,  and  by  Bp  in  Μεγασιδρ»/?. 

The  δ/D,  however,  is  doubtless  only  a  Greek  variation 
of  τ  ρ  or  θρ. 


General  Discussion"  3 

The  transliteration  of  θ  (a  spirant)  also  would  seem 
to  afford  some  evidence  of  dialect  influence.  As  a 
part  of  the  name  of  the  god  Mithra  (written  Mi^a, 
Mitra  for  *Mi^'"a),  it  is  represented  by  Gr»  θ  (an  aspi- 
rate) in  ΜιΘραΒάτης  and  Μιθραφέρνψ,  and  by  τ  in  Μιτρο- 
βάτης  and  Μίτραφίρνης;  elsewhere  it  is  represented  by 

σ — viz.,  Άρτασυρας,  Μασίστης^  and  'Ζατάσπης. 

6.  One  should  not,  however,  be  too  positive  in  the 
contention  that  all  these  variant  forms  actually  rep- 
resent dialects.  We  know  only  the  approximate 
value  of  certain  Ancient  Persian  symbols  and  there- 
fore cannot  determine  how  nearly  they  are  approached 
in  sound  by  the  Greek  letters.  Granting  that  no  ex- 
act equivalent  for  such  symbols  existed  in  the  Greek 
alphabet,  which  seems  certain  in  the  main,  then  we 
must  recognize  the  fact  that  the  Greeks  were  forced 
to  choose  merely  the  nearest  representative.  Very 
naturally  the  choice  varied  with  different  writers. 
It  must  be  remembered  also  that  the  name  of  the  god 
Mithra,  which  forms  the  prius  of  some  of  the  names 
mentioned  above,  appears  in  the  Art.  Ham.  inscrip- 
tion under  the  form  Mitra  instead  of  Mi^ra,  as  else- 
where. And  it  should  be  further  noted  that  Anc. 
Pers.  0,  in  the  cases  where  it  is  represented  by  Gr.  σ, 
is  from  Ar.  s  <  I.  E.  k,  and  corresponds  to  Skt.  ς. 
This  sound  is  probably  onl}^  imperfectly  reproduced 
by  ^,  being  more  of  a  sibilant  than  the  other  sounds 
represented  by  this  character.  If  this  be  the  case, 
Gr.  σ  would  represent  it  much  more  nearly  than  Gr.  Θ. 

7.  Involved  in  the  question  of  Ancient  Iranian  dia- 
lects is  that  of  the  unity  within  the  Ancient  Persian 
language.  In  his  Grammaire  du  Yitux  Perse^  P^^e 
4,  Professor  Meillet  states  that  tliere  are  in  the  reli- 


4  General  Discussion 

gious  and  official  vocabulary  of  the  inscriptions  ''^des 
traces  nomhreuses  defalts  etrangers  au  dialecte perse^'^ 
and,  continuing,  he  says,  ''''et^  hors  de  la  Perse^  il  ex- 
istait  deja  sans  doute  une  litterature^  ecrite  on,  non 
ecrite^  a  laqueUe  les  Perses  out  empninte  certaincs 
formes  qxtand  Us  ont  eii  a  redicjer  les  inscriptions  con- 
servees.''''  Cf.  also  Johnson,  Historical  Grammar, 
157,  158. 

8.  In  support  of  this  theory  is  offered  the  fact  that 
s  and  ζ  sometimes  represent  Ar.  s,  Skt.  ς,  I.  E.  6,  and 
Ar.  z,  Skt.  j,  I.  E.  g,  respectively,  although  θ  and  d 
are  to  be  expected.  The  contention  is  that  these  de- 
viations are  contained  in  religious,  official,  and  tech- 
nical loan  words  from  a  literary  dialect. 

The  words,  however,  which  contain  s  instead  of  Q — 
namely,  asman,  stone^  firmament ;  asa,  aspa  (comp.), 
liorse;  vasiy,  utterly;  visa,  vispa  (comp,),  all — seem 
not  to  be  especially  strong  in  support  of  this  theory. 
In  fact,  they  all  express  ideas  sufficiently  common- 
place to  be  considered  common  possessions  and  not 
the  property  of  any  special  group.  Neither  do  the 
words  containing  ζ  instead  of  d — namely,  vazarka, 
great ^  and  zana  (comp.),  race^  j^eople — confirm  this 
theory.  It  is  true  that  vazarka  is  used  in  the  royal 
title,  yet  it  is  frequently  found  in  more  commonplace 
expressions  (cf .  Dar.  Sz.  c.  3,  4;  hya  D[a]rayavahaus 
XSyahya  xsa^^'am  frabara  tya  vazarkam  .  .  .  icho 
gave  to  Darius  the  king  the  kingdom^  which  (is)  great). 
The  form  *vadarka  nowhere  occurs.  Zana  appears  in 
paruzana,  containing  many  hinds  of  races ^  and  vispa- 
zana,  containing  all  kinds  ofraces^  which  are  merely 
descriptive  compounds  of  a  general  nature. 

9.  The  following  seems  to  be  the  proper  interi)re- 


General  Discussion  5 

tation  to  place  upon  these  facts.  The  Ancient  Per- 
sian sounds  corresponding  to  Ar.  s,  Skt.  ς,  I.  E.  k, 
and  Ar.  2,  Skt.  j,  I.  E.  g,  were  not  reproduced  exactly 
by  any  of  the  characters  of  the  cuneiform  syllabary, 
Ar.  s  being  represented  in  Ancient  Persian  sometimes 
by  ^,  sometimes  by  s;  likewise  Ar.  ζ  by  d  or  z.  This 
conclusion  is  supported  by  the  fact  that  s  is  never 
substituted  for  θ  when  the  sound  represented  is  from 
a  source  other  than  Ar.  s — that  is,  from  Ar.  th  or  t — 
and  that  ζ  is  never  substituted  for  d  when  the  sound 
represented  is  from  a  source  other  than  Ar.  ζ — that  is, 
from  d  or  dh.  This  may  show  that  Θ  <  Ar.  s  repre- 
sents a  sound  different  from  that  of  ^  <  Ar.  th  or  t, 
and  that  d  <  Ar.  ζ  differed  in  sound  from  d  <  Ar.  d 
or  dh.  What  this  difference  is  is  shown  by  the  fact 
that  these  sounds  are  sometimes  represented  by  s  and 
ζ — that  is,  they  partook  of  the  nature  of  sibilants, 
which  is  perfectly  in  keeping  with  their  Indo-Iranian 
origin. 

10.  But  the  question  natm'ally  arises,  What  deter- 
mined the  choice  between  these  letters?  Although 
the  data  at  hand  are  too  meager  to  admit  of  conclu- 
sive proof,  yet  they  seem  to  warrant  the  naming  of 
two  points  which  are  related  to  these  phenomena — 
namely,  phonetic  environment  and  the  historical 
stage  or  stratum  represented. 

11.  The  influence  of  phonetic  en\'ironment  is  seen 
in  asman,  asa,  aspa  (<  Ar.  *asua),  visa,  vispa  (<  Ar. 
*uisua),  where  Ar.  s  becomes  the  sibilant  s  instead  of 
the  dental  spirant  θ  when  it  stands  before  the  labio- 
nasal m  or  the  labiodental  u,  and  the  s  is  retained  after 
u  has  passed  over  into  p,  for  the  sake  of  greater  ease 
in  pronunciation. 


6  General  Discussion 

12.  The  iniluence  of  historical  strata  in  the  lan- 
guage is  recognized  in  several  words.  The  two  forms 
asa  and  aspa  represent  different  transitional  stages, 
thus:  I.  E.  *ekuo-s  >  Ar.  *asua  >  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  > 
*as(s)a  >  asa.  likewise  in  the  case  of  visa,  vispa:  I 
E.  *uikuo  >  Ar.  *uisua  >  Anc.  Pers.  vispa  >  *vis(s)a 
>  visa. 

13.  The  same  conclusion  may  be  reached  also  from 
another  angle.  Both  asa  and  aspa  enter  into  compo- 
sition. Asa  is  found  in  asabari,  horseman;  aspa  in 
uvaspa,  possessing  good  Jiorses.  Asabari  is  a  military 
term  involving  the  organization  of  the  fighting  force 
into  horsemen  and  footmen,  and  indicates,  therefore, 
a  later  stage  of  civilization.  On  the  other  hand,  the 
idea  contained  in  uvaspa  is  essentially  primitive,  being 
used  as  an  epithet  of  a  district  or  section  of  country. 
Moreover,  aspa  is  always  the  form  which  enters  into 
proper  names,  which  are,  of  course,  primitive  com- 
pounds; cf.  Aspacanah  (see  ^Αστταθίνης)^  Vistaspa  (see 
Ύστάσνης)^  and  others. 

Likewise  both  visa  and  vispa  enter  into  composi- 
tion. Visa  is  found  in  visadahyu,  ofor  pertaining  to 
all  provinces^  vispa  in  vispazana,  containing  all  l^inds 
of  races.  Visadahyu  is  a  compound  resulting  from 
the  organized  political  life  of  the  empire  composed 
of  provinces  or  satrapies;  it  is,  therefore,  a  late  com- 
pound. But  vispazana  expresses  a  primitive  idea 
and  is  a  word  which  would  be  coined  early.  So  tins 
also  supports  the  conclusion  that  visa  and  vispa  rep- 
resent different  stages  in  the  development  of  the 
word  in  one  dialect,  not  in  different  ones. 

The  compound  vispazana  v>'as  found  above  to  be 
primitive  because  of  vispa  and  the  general  sense  of 


Gexekal  Discussion  7 

the  compound.  This  opinioD  is  upheld  by  the  par- 
ticular form  zana,  not  *dana,  since  z,  more  closely 
than  d,  resembles  Ar.  z.  So  both  parts  of  the  com- 
pound are  distinctively  primitive.  The  form  zana 
appears  also  in  the  compound  paruzana,  which  agi-ees 
with  the  above  opinion  both  in  form  and  in  meaning. 
If  the  word  occurred  independently,  it  would  doubt- 
less have  taken  the  form  *dana,  after  passing  through 
the  same  development  as  dan,  to  hmnn^  Av.  zan. 

14.  There  still  remain  the  words  vazarka  and  vasiy, 
which  seem  to  defy  rational  explanation.  The  infer- 
ence to  be  drawn  from  these  two  forms,  together 
with  vi^a  (if  we  thus  read  inst.  vi<9aibis)  instead  of 
the  more  usual  visa,  seems  to  be  that  where  there  was 
no  special  influence  brought  to  bear  to  determine  the 
sound  of  a  word  in  favor  of  the  sibilants,  analogy  or 
lack  of  discrimination  on  the  part  of  the  scribe  deter- 
mined the  choice  in  favor  of  one  or  the  other. 

15.  It  might  seem  proper  that  the  names  de- 
scribed in  this  treatise  should  be  considered  merely 
as  Iranian,  not  Persian;  but  in  view  of  the  widespread 
dominion  and  influence  of  the  Achsemenidan  kings, 
of  the  phonetic  and  other  considerations  treated 
above,  and  of  the  absence  of  positive  proof  that  they 
are  of  other  dialects,  they  shall  be  treated  from  the 
standpoint  of  Ancient  Persian,  although  the  possible 
non-Persian  origin  of  some  is  recognized.  For  ex- 
ample, Μιθροβαρζάνψ  (q.  V.)  might,  because  of  ^,  be 
considered  of  dialectic  origin;  yet,  considering  the 
influence  of  historical  strata  (§§12,  13),  it  is  even 
probable  that  *varzana  is  an  older  form  of  Anc.  Pers, 
vardana. 

The  imperfect  correspondence  of  the  two  alphabets 


8  Genehal  Discussion 

should  also  be  considered.  So,  although  ^ατάσπι^ς 
(q.  V. )  may  not  appear  at  first  to  be  thoroughly  Per- 
sian, it  must  be  remembered  that  σ  is  probably  the 
nearest  Greek  representative  of  Anc.  Pers.  Θ  <  Ar. 
s.  And  here  also  the  influence  of  an  older  stratum 
should  be  taken  into  consideration.  Similar  cases  are 
to  be  considered  in  like  manner. 

16.  With  regard  to  their  form,  Grseco-Persian  per- 
sonal names  are  to  be  divided  into  two  classes:  those 
containing  two  stems  and  those  containing  one  stem. 
Those  of  the  first  class  we  may  designate  as  full  names; 
those  of  the  second,  hypocoristic  names,  or  Kose- 
namen, 

17.  Pick,  in  his  GriechischePei'sonennamen^  pointed 
out  very  clearly  the  fact  that  Indo-European  names 
were  originally  made  up  of  two  stems;  but  as  such 
names  were  long  and  cumbersome,  there  arose  the  de- 
mand for  shorter  and  more  convenient  forms  for 
familiar  use.  Panini,  the  Hindu  grammarian,  recog- 
nized this  valuable  principle  that  out  of  such  a  name 
as  Deva-datta  might  be  made,  from  the  prius,  the 
names  Deva,  Devaka,  Devika,  Deviya,  and  Devila,  and 
from  the  posterius  Datta,  Dattaka,  Dattika,  Dattiya, 
and  Dattila.  So  in  Sanskrit  both  the  prius  and  the 
posterius,  with  and  without  suffixes,  may  be  used  in- 
stead of  the  full  name. 

As  was  shown  by  Pick,  these  shortened  forms  are 
very  common  in  Greek.  An  interesting  example  of 
this  is  found  in  Sappho  (75,  77,  Hiller-Crusius).  In 
these  two  fragments  the  person  addressed  is  evidently 
the  same,  but  in  the  first  the  name  is  Μνασιδικα,  while 
in  the  other  it  appears  as  Δικά. 

This  principle  may  be  seen  also  in  names  common 


General  Discussion  9 

in  English.  For  example,  Archibald  gives  Archy; 
Eugene,  Gene;  Gertrude,  Gertie  and  Trude  (Trudie); 
Elizabeth,  Elsie  and  Betty;  Herbert,  Bert;  Theodora, 
Dora,  and  many  others. 

18.  The  Grseco-Persian  names  under  consideration 
also  conform  to  this  principle.  Both  the  first  and  the 
second  elements  of  the  compound  names,  with  and 
without  suffixes,  appear  instead  of  the  compound. 
Generally  one  of  the  following  suffixes  is  used  in  such 
a  Koseform:  -a,  -(a)iy^>  "(a)ka,  -(a)na,  -(a)ra,  -(i)ka, 
-(i)na,  -(i)ta,  -(u)ka.^  Examples  of  hypocoristic  names 
formed  without  a  suffix  are:  Μασιστ•»;?,  Mt^pas,  and  MtVpa. 
Sometimes  a  part  of  the  posterius  is  retained  with 
the  prius  in  forming  a  Kosename — e.  g.^  Βαγατταΐο?  from 
Bagapata,  Μιθροβαΐος  from  Mi^apata,  and  Μι^ροδαΓο? 
from  Mi^adata.^ 

19.  Aside  from  this  general  conformity  to  the  orig- 
inal Indo-European  method  of  forming  personal 
names,  there  are  also  other  points  which  indicate  that 
the  single-stem  names  in  Persian  are  derived  from 
those  of  double  stem. 

One  of  these  is  the  fact  that  in  the  great  majority 
of  cases  where  a  stem  is  found  in  a  single-stem  name, 
it  is  also  found  in  one  or  more  compounds.  Some- 
times a  considerable  group  of  names  is  formed,  by 
means  of  different  suffixes,  from  a  stem  which  appears 
in  a  compound.     The  word  baga  is  found  in  various 

compound  names,    such   as   Βαγαττάτης  and    Μεγαδάτ?;?, 

^The  initial  vowel  is  placed  in  parenthesis  because  it  is  in 
some  cases,  as  originally,  the  final  letter  of  the  preceding  syl- 
lable, but  in  others  it  is  a  part  of  the  sufiix. 

2 For  a  complete  list  of  hypocoristic  names  formed  by  the 
various  suffixes,  see  List  of  Hype.  Suffixes. 


10  General  Discussion 

from  which  are  derived  the  hypocoristic  forms  ΒαγαΓος 
and  Βαγατταιο?.  From  the  name  of  the  god  Mazdah, 
which  appears  in  ^Ώρομάζης  and  YAv,  MazdaSata,  comes 
the  following  list  of  hypocoristic  names:  Μάταια,  Μα- 

ζαΐος^    Μαζάκψ^    Μαζάρψ^    Μάζαρος^  Μαζηνης.      From   the 

various  names  made  of  compounds  with  Mi^ra,  such 
as  ΜίθραΒάτηζ^  wc  havc  the  shortened  forms  Μιθραΐος^ 
Μιθράνψ^  Μίθρας^  Μυθρηνψ^  Μίθρίνψ.  Likewise  farnah, 
which  is  found  in  many  double-stem  names,  gives  us 

Φαρνάκ7]{ζ),  Φάρνακος^  Φαρνονχηζ^  Φαρνονχος. 

Another  indication  that  this  is  the  correct  interpre- 
tation of  the  single-stem  names  is  that  they  have  no 
meaning  in  themselves.  It  is  only  when  we  trace 
them  back  to  the  original  compounds  that  they  be- 
come intelligible.  For  example,  Bayatos  is  meaning- 
less, but  the  meaning  of  ΒαγαΒάτψ  or  Βαγαττάττ/ς  is  per- 
fectly clear.  Likewise  the  forms  Μιθραΐος^  Μίθράνψ, 
Μίθρας^  etc.,  are  without  signification;  but  the  possi- 
bility of  these  meaningless  forms  is  explained  by  a 
compound  like  ΜίθραΒάτψ. 

20.  There  are  a  few  names,  however,  which  seem 
to  be  somewhat  irregular.  Μ^δος,  ^όγδιος,  and  per- 
haps Μάρφιος  are  evidently  only  proper  adjectives 
which  have  in  some  way  become  applied  to  certain 
individuals  as  personal  names.  These  names  are  to 
be  considered  as  accidental  and  in  no  way  referable 
to  the  principle  which  governs  the  formation  of  Indo- 
European  names.  Another  name,  Μαρδόντι/?,  together 
with  what  appears  to  be  an  Avestan  cognate  form, 
Βαρζαίντψ^  seems  to  be  only  an  adjective.  It  is,  how- 
ever, connected  with  the  Persian  name  system,  in  that 
its  stem  *bard  belongs  to  the  list  of  what  may  be 
called  the  name-forming  words,  since  we  recognize 


General  Discussion  11 

it  in   Άριο/χάρδος    (probably),    Μάρδο?   (Μερδι?,    SftepSt?), 

and  'Χμ€ρΒομ€νης.  Such  association  must  be  regarded 
as  the  cause  for  the  use  of  the  adjective  formation 
*bardavant  as  a  name. 

21.  Among  the  various  words  of  which  names  are 
formed,  there  is  one  which  demands  special  attention 
here,  because  its  meaning  is  not  at  first  apparent,  and 
also  because  of  the  large  number  of  names  in  which 
it  is  found.     This  is  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.). 

The  Avestan  cognate  of  Anc.  Pers.  arta  is  arata, 
which  is  used  only  in  composition,  but  which  is  from 
the  same  root  as  Av.  asa.  Asa  means  truth,  right,  a 
sort  of  moral  or  divine  order  in  the  universe  which 
protects  all  that  is  good.  This  idea  is  then  personi- 
fied, by  which  Asa  becomes  the  guardian  and  pro- 
moter of  good. 

The  antithesis  of  asa  is  draoga,  which  in  its  adjec- 
tival use  means  deceitful,  untrue;  as  a  noun  it  means 
deceit,  lie.  Then,  as  asa,  it  is  personified  as  the  de- 
mon which  cherishes  falsehood  and  whatever  is  op- 
posed to  truth  and  right. 

From  this  it  is  clear  that  in  Avestan  theology  Asa 
is  the  personification  of  what  one  might  call  the  Con- 
structive Force  in  the  world,  while  Draoga  is  the  per- 
sonification of  the  Destructive  Force.  We  shall  now 
see  how  these  ideas  are  maintained  in  Ancient  Persian. 
First  let  us  examine  drauga,  the  cognate  of  Av.  draoga. 

According  to  Bh.  4,  33ff.,  Drauga  causes  rebellions: 
*'Says  Darius  the  king:  'These  (are)  the  provinces 
which  became  rebellious.  Drauga  made  them  rebel- 
lious, so  that  these  deceived  the  people.'"  In  Bh.  4, 
36,  37  Darius  warns  his  successors  to  guard  against 
Drauga;  ''Says  Darius  the  king:  Ό  thou  who  shalt 


12  Gexekal  Discussion 

be  king  in  the  future,  protect  thyself  from  Drauga.' " 
In  Dar.  Pers.  d,  12ff.  Darius  prays  that  his  country 
may  be  delivered  from  Drauga:  "Says  Darius  the  king: 
'  .  .  .  and  let  Ahura  Mazda  protect  this  country 
from  an  evil  host,  from  famine,  from  Drauga;  may 
not  an  evil  host  nor  famine  nor  Drauga  come  upon 
this  country! ' "  It  is  because  Darius  is  not  an  ally 
of  Drauga  (draujana)  that  Ahura  Mazda  aided  him: 
Bh.  4.  βΐίϊ. :  "  Says  Darius  the  king:  '  For  this  reason 
Ahura  Mazda  bore  me  aid  and  the  other  gods  which 
are,  because  I  was  not  an  enemy,  I  was  not  an  ally  of 
Drauga  (draujana),  I  was  not  a  wrongdoer,  neither 
1  nor  my  family.' "  Thus  the  conception  of  an  Arch- 
destroyer  is  clearly  recognized  in  Drauga  as  in  the 
Avestan  Draoga. 

If  Drauga  is  the  Destroyer,  who  is  the  Builder  and 
Preserver?  This  is  discovered  from  a  study  of  cer- 
tain Ancient  Persian  names.  Artaxsa^^'a  (^Αρταζίρξης) 
means  having  his  kingdom  from  Arta.  Who  Arta  is, 
we  see  from  parallel  names  and  words  in  Avestan  and 
Ancient  Persian.  There  is  the  Avestan  adjective 
asapata,  for  which  we  have  the  evident  Ancient  Per- 
sian equivalent  in  the  name  *Artapata  (^Αρταττάτψ), 
The  Av.  asapata  means  protected  hy  Asa;  so  the  Anc. 
Pers.  *Artapata  must  mean  protected  hy  Arta,  The 
Avestan  adjective  asaci^ra  means  Kamng  Ms  race 
from  Asa^  in  correspondence  with  which  we  haΛ'e  the 
Ancient  Persian  name  *Artazana  (Άρτα^άνι^ς),  which 
must  mean  liamng  Ids  race  from  Arta.  For  the 
Avestan  name  Asanamah,  giving  Asa  worshij),  we 
have  the  Gra^co  Persian  Άρτάνης,  out  of  Anc.  Pers. 
*Artanaraah,  giving  Arta  worship. 

From  these  parallels  it  is  easily  seen  that  the  An- 


General  Discussion  13 

cient  Persian  conception  of  Arta  was  the  same  as  the 
Avestan  conception  of  Asa,  that  of  a  divine  govern- 
ment, a  Gottliche  Weltordnung ^  which  aids  those  who 
act  in  accord  with  it,  the  perfect  antithesis  of  Drauga, 
just  as  Av.  Asa  is  the  antithesis  of  Draoga. 

If  merely  political  law  were  signified  by  arta  in 
these  compounds,  there  would  be  no  place  for  data, 
which  commonly  appears  in  this  sense  in  the  inscrip- 
tions. If  rectitude  were  meant,  it  would  be  arsta: 
"According  to  rectitude  (arsta)  I  ruled,"  says  Darius 
in  Bh.  4,  64. 

Hence  there  is  nothing  to  prevent  the  conclusion 
that  Anc.  Pers.  Arta  conveys  the  same  philosophical 
idea  as  the  Av.  Asa,  which  may  be  expressed  by  such 
terms  as  the  Kingdom  of  Truth  or  Divine  Govern- 
ment. 

22.  It  is  well  to  notice  also  another  rather  prolific 
name-forming  element,  farnah  (comp.).  As  farnah 
does  not  appear  as  an  independent  word  in  the  in- 
scriptions, but  only  in  the  name  Vi"dafarnah  (see 
^Ινταφίρνψ)^  we  must  look  to  other  sources  for  its 
meaning.  Let  us  first  investigate  the  signification  of 
the  Younger  Avestan  cognate,  x^'arsnah,  and  then  de- 
termine whether  the  Grseco-Persian  names  containing 
farnah  give  evidence  of  a  similar  meaning  for  the 
Ancient  Persian  form. 

Dr.  Eugen  ΛVilhelm  (Madressa  Jubl.  Vol.,  pp. 
lo9ff. ),  points  out  that  YAv.  x^'aronah  has  two  mean- 
ings, according  as  it  is  qualified  by  the  adjective  kaoya 
or  ax^'arota. 

The  kavaem  x^aiQno  is  a  sort  of  divine  splendor 
which  attaches  to  the  person  of  a  legitimate  king, 
who  was  considered  divine,  and  of  such  persons  as 


14  Gexei?al  Discussion 

Zara^ustra.  Such  a  king  holds  his  place  by  the  grace 
of  God  and  is  possessed  of  divine  right,  which  a 
usurper  cannot  hold. 

The  x^'arano  ax^aratam  is  of  much  more  general  ap- 
plication, being  used  with  reference  to  persons  of 
minor  importance.  .  It  is  the  fortunate  circumstance 
which  brings  success,  glory,  happiness.  But  since  it 
is  called  ax'^areta,  unattainable^  it  is  the  idealized  goal 
to  which  human  beings  aspire  as  the  summicm  honurn, 
but  which  they  seldom,  if  ever,  attain.  Perhaps  the 
words  glory,  fortune  come  as  near  as  any  to  express- 
ing this  rather  intangible  idea. 

Of  the  names  containing  farnah  which  support  the 
first  of  these  meanings,  perhaps  Φαρναζάθρψ  is  the  best 
example.  Interpreted  freely,  this  name  means  pos- 
sessing his  Mngdom  hy  or  through  the  ''^ farnah^'*  which 
points  clearly  to  the  royal  x'aronah.  Another  is 
Φαρναττάτης,  protected  by  the  ''''farnah^''  to  which  may 
be  added  ^Οροφάρνηζ,  whose  ^^ farnah''''  is  from  Ahura. 

But  in  other  names  farnah  certainly  has  a  more 
general  meaning.  For  example,  ^αιταφίρνψ,  whose 
''farnah'^''  is  wealth;  ^αηφίρνψ,  v:hose  '"farnah''''  is 
well-being;  *Ινταφ€ρν'ης,  who  finds  his  ^farnah.'''' 

The  meaning  of  some  of  the  names  containing  this 
word  is  somewhat  obscure,  while  others  are  capable 
of  a  double  interpretation.  The  above  discussion, 
however,  leads  to  the  belief  that  we  may  safely  in- 
terpret Anc.  Pers.  farnah  by  approximately  the  same 
meaning  as  that  given  to  YAv.  x^'aronah. 


GR^CO-PERSIAN  NAMES 


Αρίλτακα  (μνήμονα:  Hesjch.,  Πφσαι);  probably 
Ai'taxerxes  Mnemon  (cf.  Justi,  NB.  2).  Oppert,  Ze 
Peujple  et  la  Laiujue  des  Medes^  229,  emends  Ά/3ιάτακ•α. 
Cf.  Anc.  Pers.  yam,  to  reach^  attain  +  prefix  abiy, 
unto;  note  YAv.  jditdiy  acquisition^  possession^  Middle 
Pers.  yat. 

Ά/3ραίάτ>7ς.  Anc.  Pers.  aura,  lord  (cf .  Auramaz- 
dah,  Ahiira  Mazda)  +  data,  PPfP.  of  Anc.  Pers.  da 
(I.  E.  *do),  to  give,  or  da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create;  god- 
given  or  god-created, 

^Αβροχόμας,  Anc.  Pers.  aura,  lord  (cf.  Auramaz- 
dah,  Ahura  Mazda)\  posterius  perhaps  Anc.  Pers. 
kama,  desire  {oi,  Justi,  NB.  498),  Av.  kama,  Skt. 
kama;  cf.  Άρτακάμας  (q.  v.). 

^Αβροχόμης.     See  *Αβροκόμα<;. 

Ά^ία/3άτα$.  Prius  may  be  connected  with  Anc. 
Pers.  ha^j,  Skt.  sanj;  A  v.  *hax8a  (PPfP.  with  tha,  cf. 
Bthl.  Grund.  209,  8),  that  u^hich  is  lound,  federation 
(for  γδ  cf.  Oss.  a-yS,  loin,  A  v.  haxt);  posterius  Anc. 
Pers.  pata,  PPfP.  of  pa,  to  j^rotect,  Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa. 

Αοενγις.  Hype,  form  based  upon  YAv.  aSavi,  ηη- 
deceiving  +  suffix  a. 

(1δ) 


16  Grjeco-Persian  Names 

^ASovOiog.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
*adus  (neg.  prefix  a  +  dus  (comp.),  ill,  A  v.  dus,  New 
Pers.  dus,  Skt.  dus)  +  suffix  (a)iya. 

^Αζάνης.  Hype,  form  based  upon  YAv.  aza 
(eomp.,  New  Pers.  -az),  directing,  guiding,  fr.  az. 
^''agere,''''  Skt.  -aja,  Gr.  -άγό?  +  suffix  (a)na. 

Αθώος.  Perhaps  YAv.  A^uya.  Etymology  un- 
certain.    Cf.  Bthl.,  AVb.  323. 

^Αμαζάστί'ης,  Αν.  *hamaza  (ham  +  aza),  a  run- 
ning or  dashing  togetJier,  clash,  Skt.  samaja  +  Anc. 
Pers.  aspa  (eomp.),  horse,  Av.  aspa,  Skt.  agva;  jpos- 
sessing  war  horses;  cf .  Justi,  NB.  124. 

^ Αμάζααηος,     See  'λμαζάσττψ. 

Αμγιατρις.  Hype,  form  containing  perhaps  Anc. 
Pers.  *hamiyastra  (cf.  Anc.  Pers.  ham,  ha,  togetlier, 
with,  Skt.  sam,  and  GAv.  myastra(comp.),  alliance)^ 
ally,  comrade. 

^ Αμετρης.     See  Άμήστρίζ. 

^ΑμίσΤρίζ.      See  ^Αμηστρις. 

^Αμόργγ^ς,  Anc.  Pers.  u,  good,  Av.  hu,  Skt.  su  + 
Anc.  Pers.  ^miiTga.y pasture,  YAv.  maraya  (New  Pers. 
mary) ;  j►^6>6•6•6^δ's^7? </  good  pastures. 

^Αμνΐτη,     See^A/xuTi?. 

'ΆμνΤίς  (for  "Α/χουης).     Anc.  Pers.  u,  good,  A  v. 


Gr^co-Peksian  Names  17 

hu,  Skt.  su  (cf .  Άτόσσα,  YAv.  Hutaosa)  +  YAv.  maiti, 
thought  (cf.  Armen.  hmut).  See  Tolman,  PAPA. 
45.  28. 

Άι^αφάς.     See  Άνάφψ. 

^Ανάφης.  Hype,  form  from  **Αναφ€ρνψ  (cf.  'Om- 
φepvηs).  YAv.  varnat  (comp.),  from  van,  to  gain^  win 
+  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  renown^  glory ^  YAv. 
x'^arsnah;  cf .  YAv.  varnat-pasna,  winning  the  hattle, 

Άν5ρό/3αζΌς.  Prius  perhaps  YAv.  vandara 
(comp.),  possibly  better  read  vandro,  fr.  vand,  to 
praise;  probably  influenced  by  Gr.  άνδ/οο-;  postering 
YAv.  bazu,  arm^  Skt.  bahu;  possessing  an  arm  de- 
voted to  glory;  cf .  in  meaning  YAv.  Vandaromainis, 
possessing  a  mind  devoted  to  glory ^  and  Gr.  Υ^Χ^ομίν-φ. 

Άι^οίίΤίς.     See  "Α/^υτις. 

Αηαμα,  Hype,  form  based  upon  A  v.  Apam  (gen. 
pi.  of  ap,  sc.  napat),  genius  of  the  waters^  after  whom 
the  tenth  day  of  the  month  was  named  (New  Pers. 
abam)  -f  suffix  a;  cf.  New  Pers.  Mihr(a)bam  (Mi^a 
+  apam). 

Άράσπας.  Αν.  *ara,  ready,  ft  (cf.  GAv.  arsm, 
YAv.  ar9m)  -f  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse^  YAv. 
aspa,  Skt.  a9va;  jjossessing  ready  horses. 

^Αρβίάνης.  Άρβ  +  ιανης  (?);  Justi,  NB.  21,  con- 
nects 'αρβ-  with  YAv.  aurva  and  -lav?/?  with  Av.  yana; 
treflichen  Segen.,  Gliiclc  geniessend. 

2 


18  Gh^co-Persian  Names 

^Αρβονηάλ'ης,  Άρβον  +  τταλτ^ς  (?);  Justi,  ΝΒ.  21, 
connects  'αρβον-  with  *arbu,  akin  to  'αλφός,  and  -παλιάς 
with  a  word  akin  to  ττώλο?,  colt,  Goth,  fula,  I.  E. 
*fo(u);  weisse  Filllen  besitzend;  etymology  doubtful. 

^ AΫγγιarr^ς,  'A/ay-  is  perhaps  connected  with  YAv. 
aroja,  worthy,  fr.  ar9j,  Skt.  arh;  -ηστψ  suggests  Αν. 
asti,  compamon. 

Αργόσ^-η.     Άργ-  is  perhaps  YAv.  arsja,  icorthy, 
fr.  arsj,  Skt.  arh;  for  -οστ-η  cf.  Av.  usti,  wisL• 

Άρδά^5ασ5ος.     Variant  of  Άρτάβασ^ος  (q.  v.). 

^Αρηινος,  Ace.  to  Justi,  NB.  22,  an  incorrect 
reading  for  Άρσίτψ  (q.  v.). 

^ApLaβίγ^r/;ς,  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  Aryan,  YAv. 
Airya,  Skt.  Arya  +  *bigna;  cf.  bigna  in  Bagabigna 
(Bh.  4,  84-85).  Justi,  ZDMG.  49,  682,  endeavors  to 
connect  bigna  with  φοΐβος  and  renders  it  sple7idor; 
cf.  also  NB.  489.  Bartholom»,  Wb.  922,  inquires 
whether  bigna  is  PPfP.  of  baj,  to  (jive  as  a  share,  Skt. 
bhaj. 

'Apta^og.  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  Aryan,  YAv.  Airya, 
Skt.  Arya;  the  Oosterius  may  be  YAv.  aza  (comp.,  New 
Pers.  -az),  directing,  guiding,  fr.  az,  ''''agere^''  Skt.  -aja, 

Gr.  -αγός;   cf.  NotySa^os  (q.  V.). 

'Aptalog.  Hype,  name  from  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya, 
Aryan,  YAv.  Airya,  Skt.  Arya  -f  sulfix  (a)iya;  fr. 

such  a  compound  as  ^Αριαμάζης  or  Άρίαμίνψ. 


Gr..i:( Ό-Ρι•:ΐί8ΐΑχ  Xames  19 

Άρια^ίά^>:ς.  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  Aryan,  YAv. 
Airya,  Skt.  Arya;  posterius  may  be  connected  with 
YAv.  mazah,  (jreatncss,  Skt.  mahas. 

^ Α^ίαμεντ,ς,  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  Aryan,  YAv. 
Airya,  Skt.  Arya  +  Anc.  Pers.  manis  (comp. ),  mind, 
Av.  manah. 

AΫLάμvr^ς,     Shortened  from  ^Αριαμίνψ  (q.  v. )  or 

^Αριαράμνης  (q.  V.  ). 

^Αριαράμνης,  Anc.  Pers.  Ariyaramna:  Arsamahya 
pita  Ariyaramna  Ariyaramnahya  pit[a  Cispis],  tlie  fa- 
ther of  Arsames  (is)  Arlaramnes;  the  father  of  Ari- 
aramnes  [/.s  Teispes]  (Bh.  1,  5);  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya, 
nom.  pi.  of  Ariya,  Α?η/αη,  YAv.  Airya,  Skt.  Arya  + 
*ramna,  fr.  *ram,  to  le  or  cause  to  le  at  peace,  YAv. 
ram,  Skt.  ram  (Tohnan,  Lex.  and  Texts,  %^)\  hringhig 
peace  to  the  Aryans, 

Αρίαστίης.  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  Aryan,  YAv.  Airya, 
Skt.  Arya  +  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse,  YAv. 
aspa  (New  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  agva. 

Αρίβαζος,     Variant  of  Άρωβαζο^  (q.  v.). 

^Αρίβαως.  Hype,  form  from  a  compound  of  Anc. 
Pers.  Ariya,  Aryan,  YAv.  Airya,  Skt.  Arya  and  a 
word  beginning  with  b  +  suffix  (a)iya;  cf.  Άρωβαζο<: 
(q.  V.)  and  ^Αρωβαρζάνψ  (q.  v.). 

"Apt^og.     Variant  of  Άρίαζος  (q.  v.). 

^Αριμένιτς.     A'ariant  of  Αριαμίνψ  (q.  v.). 


20  Gh^co-Pi:i{siax  Xames 

^Αρίόβαζος,  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  A/yan,  YAv. 
Airya,  Skt.  Arya  +  YAv.  bazu,  arrn^  Skt.  bahu. 

\\.ρίθβαρζάνγ;ς,  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  Aiyaii^  YAv. 
Airj^a,  Skt.  Arya  +  Anc.  Pers.  vardana,  toitm^  GAv. 
vorozsna,  YAv.  varszana  (New  Pers.  barzan),  com- 
munity, 

^Αρωμάζης.     See  Άρίαμάζης. 

^Αρωμάν^-^ς,  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  Aryan,  YAv. 
Airya,  Skt.  Arya;  for  the  posterius  cf.  GAv.  mand, 
to  he  mindful,  Gr.  μαθύν,  Goth,  mundon;  also  Anc. 
Pers.  mazdah  <  Ar.  *iiia(n)8dha  (Tolman,  Lex.  and 
Texts,  60). 

Άρω^αρδος.  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  Aryan,  YAv. 
Airya,  Skt.  Arya;  posterius  -μαρ8ο<:^  proba1)ly  YAv. 
bsrozant,  lofty.  Cf .  MapSos  for  Anc.  Pers.  Bardiya,  a 
shortened  form  of  the  same  root  (Tolman,  Lex.  and 
Texts,  114). 

^ Αρωφάρνης,  Anc.  Pers.  Ariya,  Aryan,  YAv. 
Airya,  Skt.  Arya  +  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  renoicn, 
glory,  fortune,  YAv.  x'^aranah. 

Λ^ρΙαβας.     Perhaps  a  variant  of  Ά/^άσπα?  (q.  v.). 

^ Αρισταζάρης,  YAv.  airista,  unimpaired,  Skt. 
arista  +  Anc.  Pers.  zana  (comp.),  race,  fr.  *zan,  to 
give  lirth,  YAv.  zan,  Skt.  jan;  of  unim^mired  race. 

'ΐ^ρμαμίΟρ-ης.  Prius  perhaps  YAv.  arama,  arma 
(comp.),  ar//6  (New  Pers.  arm);  posterius  Anc.  Pers. 


Gr^co-Persian  IsTames  21 

Mi^a,  the  god  Mtthra^  A  v.  Mi^ra,  Skt.  mitra;  whose 
arm  is  liithra.  The  rough  breathing  was  written 
probably  through  a  supposed  connection  with  Gr.  άρμα. 

Λ^ρνάχ-ης.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
*arana  (cf.  hamarana,  hattle,  YAv.  hamarana,  Skt. 
samarana),  fr.  at,  to  set  m  mofio?i  +  suffix  (a)ka. 

^Αρνάπης,  Anc.  Pers.  *arana  (cf.  hamarana,  hat- 
tie^  YAvw  hamarana,  Skt.  samarana),  fr.  ar,  to  set  in 
m.otio7i  +  YAv.  p8ifpiOtecti?ig,  sustahmig;  cf.  -ττψ  in 
σατράτΓψ^  Anc.  Pers.  xsa^^apavan,  satrap^  ki7igdo)ii- 
sustaining, 

^A^pooaano  (coin  inscription).  Transliteration 
of  YAv.  Aurvataspa.  Av.  aurvant,  swift^  Skt.  aurvant 
(Middle  Pers.  arvand)  +  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.), 
horse^  YAv.  aspa  (New  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  2j:^dL\  j^ossess- 
ing  svnft  horses. 

Άρηάτης  {^Αρηάτης).  Prius  may  be  shortened 
from  YAv.  arama,  arma,  ατ77ΐ  (New  Pers.  arm); 
posterius  Anc.  Pers.  pata,  PPfP.  of  pa,  to  protect, 
Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa.  The  rough  breathing  was  written 
probably  through  a  supposed  connection  with  Gr. 

άρμα. 

^Αρσάκης.  Anc.  Pers.  ArSaka:  Arasaka  nama 
A^iyabaiisnahya[pTi^'"a],  ^7•5(2(?έ^.9  hy  name,  {the  soiil  of 
Athiyabaushna  (Seal  Inscr.  a).  Hype,  form  based 
upon  Anc.  Pers.  arsan  (comp.),  man,  YAv.  arsan,  Gr. 
αρσψ  +  suffix  (a)ka  (Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  67); 
cf.  'Όάρσψ  (q.  v.). 


22  Gk^co-Persian  Xames 

Άρσά^ας.  Anc.  Pers.  arsan  (comp.),  ???(i7i,  YAv. 
arsan,  Gr.  αρσψ  -\-  Anc.  Pers.  *ama,  mighty  YAv. 
ama  (Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  68);  possessing  the 
might  of  a  man. 

^Λ^ρσαμενης,  Anc.  Pers.  arsan  (comp,),  7nan, 
hero,  YAv.  arsan,  Gr.  αρσψ  +  Anc.  Pers.  manis 
(comp.),  7nind,  A  v.  manah;   hero-minded;   cf.  'Ic/aa- 

μ^νηζ  (q.   v.). 

Λ.ρσάμΤ^.       See  ^Αρσάμας, 

^Αρσάμγ;ς.     See  Άρσάμας. 

''Apcrtg,     Variant  of  Όάρσψ  (q.  v. ). 

Άρσ^κας.     See  ^Αρσάκης. 

Άρσ^^ας.     See  Άρσάμας. 

Άρσίτ>7$.  Hype,  form  based  upon  GAv.  aras, 
proper^  right ^  YAv.  ars  +  suffix  (i)ta. 

^ Αρταβαζάνης.  Perhaps  same  as  Άρτάβαζος  (q. 
V.)  with  patronymic  suffix  (a)na. 

^Αρτάβαζος.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
government,  ^''gottliche  Weltordnung ,'^''  Arta  (cf.  Av. 
asa),  Av.  ar3ta,  Skt.  rta  +  YAv.  bazu,  ar//?,  Skt.  bahu; 
'whose  arm  {strength)  is  Arta. 

'ApTa/3aj^>7$.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
government,  ''''gottliche  Weltordniing,''''  Arta  (cf.  A  v. 
asa),  Av.  arata,  Skt.  rta  +  YAv.  pana  (comp.),  2>^0' 


Gr.eco-Persiax  Xames  23 

tection^  fr.  Av.  pa,  to  protect^  Anc.  Pers.  pa,  Skt.  pa; 

whose  protection  is  Ai'ta. 

Άρτά(5α^ος.      See  Άρταβοίνη<;. 

Άρτα/3άρίος.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
government^  '''' gottliche  Weltordnimg ^^  Arta  (cf.  Av. 
asa),  Av.  arata,  Skt.  rta  +  Anc.  Pers.  bara  (comp.), 
fr.  bar,  to  hear^  uphold^  Av.  bara,  Skt.  bhara. 

Άρτα,^άσδ>:ς.     See  Άρτάβαζος  {ζ=σ8). 

Άρτά/3ασδος.     See  Άρτάβαζος  (ζ=σ8). 

*Αρτ'α/3άτα$.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
government^  ^^gottUche  Weltordnung ^"^  Arta  (cf.  Av. 
asa),  Av.  ar9ta,  Skt.  rta  +  Anc.  Pers.  pata,  PPfP.  of 
pa,  to  protect^  Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa;  jwotected  hy  Arta. 

Αρτα/3άτ>7ς.      See  ^Αρταβάτας. 

Λ,ρτάβης,  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine  gov- 
ernment.^ ^^gottliche  Weltordnimg^-''  Arta{ct.  Av.  asa), 
Av.  arata,  Skt.  rta  +  YAv.  T^8L,protecti7nj,  sustaining 
(cf .  -ττψ  in  σατράπης^  Anc.  Pcrs.  xsa^^'apavan,  hingdom- 
sustaining). 

^Α^ρταβ'ώης,  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine  gov- 
ernTnent^  '^gottliche  Welto  rd  nun  g,^^  Arta  (cf.  A  v.  asa), 
Av.  arata,  Skt.  rta  +  *vid,  to  know,  understand.^  A  v. 
vid,  Skt.  vid,  vida,  knowing;  understanding  the  di- 
vine government  of  the  loorld  (cf .  Skt.  vedavid,  under- 
standing the  Veda). 


24  Gk^co-Persian  Names 

Α^ρταγέρύγ^ς,  Prius  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp. ), 
YAv.  ©rata,  PPfP.  of  ar,  ίοβχ,  or  arta  (comp.),  di- 
vine govern  J7ie7ity  ^'gottliche  Welt07'd?iung,^^  Arta  {cf. 
Av.  asa),  A  v.  arata,  Skt.  rta;  posterius  may  contain 
*garsa  (cf .  YAv.  gar,  to  praise), 

^Aptayvpaag,     Variant  of  Άρτα-γψσψ  (q.  v.). 

Άρταξ'ώσττρ>7.  Prius  connected  Λvith  YAv.  ar,  to 
fix^  establish^  PPfP.  srota;  the  root  is  in  Anc.  Pers. 
arta  (comp. ),  Av.  arota;  arta  here  may  have  only  the 
participial  force,  or  it  may  mean  divine  goveryvment^ 
''''gottliclie  Weltordnung ^^  Arta;  for  posterius  Mar- 
quart  (636,  637)  posits  *zaostri  as  corresponding  to 
fem.  of  Anc.  Pers.  daustar, //v>7?i?. 

ΆρτακαΜά.     See  Άρτακά/Αας. 

Άρτακά/^α$.  Prius  connected  with  YAv.  ar,  to 
fix^  establish^  PPfP.  ©rata;  the  root  is  in  Anc.  Pers. 
arta  (comp. ),  A  v.  arata;  arta  here  may  have  only  the 
participial  force,  or  it  may  mean  divine  government^ 
'''gottliche  Weltordnung ^'^'^  Arta;  posterius  probably 
Anc.  Pers.  kama,  desire^  Av.  kama,  Skt.  kama;  cf . 

^Αβροκόμας  (q.  V.). 

^Αρτάμης,     Variant  of  Άρτάμ,νης  (q.  v.). 

^Αρτάμνης.  Variant  of  Artamenes  (Justinus  2, 
10).  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine  government^ 
"'gottlicL•  Weltordnung  ^''''  Arta  (cf.  A  v.  asa),  Av. 
arata,  Skt.  rta  +  Anc.  Pers.  manis  (comp.),  mind^  Av. 
manah,  Skt.  manas. 


Gr^eco-Peksian  Names  25 

^Αρτάνης,     Variant  of  ^Αρτάμνψ  (q.  v.). 

Wpra^avy^g.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp. ),  which 
here  may  correspond  to  YAv.  orota,  PPfP.  of  ar,  to 
fix,  establish,  or  it  may  have  the  meaning  of  divine 
government,  '''gottllche  Weltordnung,^^  Arta  (cf.  Av. 
asa),  Av.  arsta,  Skt.  rta  +  Anc.  Pers.  zana  (comp.), 
race,  YAv.  zana,  Skt.  jana. 

Άρτάζας.     Variant  of  Άρτα$ίας  (q.  v.). 

Άρταζάτας.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
government,  ''^gottUcJie  Welto7'dnung,^^  A^'ta  (cf.  Av. 
asa),  Av.  arata,  Skt.  rta  +  YAv.  xsata,  PPf P.  of  xsa,  to 

teach;  taught,  learned,  i?i  7'egard  to  the  divine  govern- 
ment  of  the  world,  Arta. 

'Αρτα^έρξ>7ς.  Anc.  Pers.  Artaxsa^'a:  ^atiy  Ar- 
taxsa^^'a  xsaya^iya  vazarka  .  .  .  adam  Artaxsa^^'a 
xsaya^iya  pu^^'a,  says  Artaxerxes  the  great  king  .  .  . 
/  (am)  the  son  of  Artaxei'xes  the  kiiig  (Art.  Pers.  a. 
8-13).  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine  government, 
'"'' gottliche  Weltordming,'''*  Arta  (cf.  Av.  asa),  Av. 
arota,  Skt.  rta  +  Anc.  Pers.  xsa^^'a,  kingdom,  A  v. 
xsa^a  (New  Pers.  sahr),  Skt.  ksatra  (cf.  Tolman, 
Lex.  and  Texts,  %^)\  possessing  his  kingdom  throngh 
Arta. 

Άρτάζ>7ς.     Variant  of  'Apra^tas  (q.  v.). 

Άρτα^^ας.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine  gov- 
emment,  ''''gottliche  Weltordnung,'^''  Arta  (cf.  Av.  asa), 
Av.  arota,  Skt.  jta  +  Anc.  Pers.  xsaya  (comp.;  cf. 


26  GR^co-PEiisiAx  Names 

xsayarsan  =  αίρξψ),  ling^  Av.  xsaya,  Skt.  ksaya; 
king  through  Arta. 

ΆρτάοξΌς.     Variant  of  Άρτάβαζος  (q.  v.). 

^ A.praovaa8yjg.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
government^  ^''gottliche  Weltordnung,^^  Arta  (cf.  A  v. 
asa),  Av.  arata,  Skt.  rta  +  YAv.  vazdah  (comp.), 

permanence^  perpetuity ;  ])ossessing  perpetuity  from 
Arta.     Cf.  YAv.  Asavazdah. 

Άρτάπα^ος.     Variant  of  'Κρτάβαζο^  (q.  v.). 

^Αρταηάνης,     Variant  of  "Αρταβάνψ  (q.  v.). 

^  Apranarag,     See  'λρταβάτα^. 

Άρταττάτί^ς.     See  Άρταβάτας. 

Άρτά7ΐ>7ς.     See  Άρτάβψ. 

'Aprapto^.  Perhaps  from  Άρταβάρως  {q.  v.);  cf. 
Justi,  NB.  32,  37. 

Άρτασοΰρας.     Variant  of  Άρτασνρας  (q.  v.  )• 

Άρτασυρας.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
government^  ^^gottliche  Weltordnimg^^''  Arta  (cf.  Av. 
asa),  Av.  arsta,  Skt.  rta  +  Anc.  Pers.  ^ura  (comp.), 
strong.^  powerful.^  Av.  sura,  Skt.  gura;  ji)i??/v?:/?iZ 
through  Aria. 

Άρταί5κτ>7ς.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
governmeiif^  '^guttliche  Weltordnung,''''  Arta  (cf.  Av. 


Gr^co-Persiax  Xames  27 

asa),  Av.  arata,  Skt.  rta  +  A  v.  uxSa  (fr.  vac,  tospeaJc^ 
Skt.  vac),  that  lohich  is  spokm,  the  word  {r>fthe  gods), 
oracle. 

^Αρτανντη.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp. ),  divine  gov- 
ernment, '''gottlicheWeltordnung,''  Aria  (cf.  A  v.  asa)_ 
Av.  arsta,  Skt.  rta  +  A  v.  vanta,  praise, 

^ApraVVTirg,      See  Άρτανντη. 

^Αρταφέρνης,  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
government,  ^^gottliche  Weltordnung,''''  Arta  (cf.  A  v. 
asa),  Av.  arsta,  Skt.  rta  +  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.), 
glory,  fortune,  YAv.  x'aronah;  cf.  Μυτραφίρνψ  (q.  v.) 
and  Όροφίρνψ  (q.  λ'.  ). 

^Αρταφρένης.     Variant  of  Άρταφίρνης  (q.  v.). 

'Αρτα;^αι>;•ς.  Prius  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  di- 
vine gove7'7i7nent,  '^gottliche  Weltordmmg,^''  Arta  (cf. 
Av.  asa),  A  v.  arsta,  Skt.  rta;  ace.  to  Justi,  NB.  34, 
postering  is  A  v.  hay  a,  quality,  characteristic  (New 
Pers.  xim). 

Άρτε^/3άρ>7ς.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp. ;  ace.  case), 
divine  goveniment,  '^gottliche  Weltordming,''''  Arta  (cf. 
Av.  asa),  A  v.  arota,  Skt.  rta  +  Anc.  Pers.  bara 
(comp.),  fr.  bar,  to  hear,  uphold,  Skt.  bhara;  cf.  Άρτα- 
βάριοζ  (q.  v.).     Cf.  Bthl.,  Zum  Wb.  54. 

^Αρ^Τίβαρξ,άνγις,  YAv.  aroti  (same  as  Av.  a§i, 
Bthl.,  Wb.  192),  reward,  also  personified  as  the  god- 
dess who  rewards  piety  with  prosperity,  Arti  +  Anc. 


28  Ge.kco-Peusiax  Xames 

Pers.  vardana,  town^  GAv.  varozsna,  YAv.  varszana, 
community^  society  (New  Pers.  barzan). 

ΆρΤί/3όλ>7ς.  YAv.  arati  (same  as  Av.  asi,  Bthl. 
Wb.  192),  reward^  also  personified  as  the  goddess 
who  rewards  piety  with  prosperity,  Artl;  posterius 
doubtful. 

^Αρτίμας,  YAv.  arati  (same  as  Av.  asi,  Bthl., 
Wb.  192),  reward^  also  personified  as  the  goddess 
who  rewards  piety  Λvith  prosperit}^  Artl;  posterius 
perhaps  connected  with  YAv.  mazah,  greatness^  abun- 
dance. 

^Αρτοβαζάνης,     Variant  of  Άρταβαζάνης  (q.  v.). 

Άρτό^ας.  Perhaps  a  variant  of  ^Αρτονχας  (q.  v. ) ; 
cf.  Justi,  NB.  40. 

Aprovryjg.  Perhaps  of  same  origin  as  Άρταυντη 
(q.  v.). 

^Αρτοξάρης,     Variant  of  *  Αρταξέρξης  (q.  v.). 

^ Αρτοξέρζης,     Variant  of  'Αρταξέρξης  (q.  v.). 

Αρτόστης.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp. ),  divine  gov- 
ernmerit.,  ^''gottlicKeWeltordnung^''  Artai^oi.  A  v.  asa), 
Av.  arata,  Skt.  rta  +  Av.  usta,  according  to  one's 
luish^  loc.  of  usti,  often  used  substantively  in  the 
sense  of  welfare^  good  fortune;  ir  hose  welfare  is  from 
Arta. 

Αρτονχας,    Prius  may  be  connected  Avith  Anc. 


Gileco-Peesiax  Names  29 

Pers.  arta  (comp. ),  dimne  government^  ^^gottliche 
Weltordmtng^'''^  Arta  (cf .  Av.  asa),  Av.  arata,  Skt.  rta; 
but  arta  here  may  have  only  the  participial  force  of 
YAv.  orsta,  PPfP.  of  ar,  to  fix^  estaUish;  posterius 
with  Anc.  Pers.  va(h)u  (comp.),  good  {ci.  Vaumisa, 
Darayavau),  A  v.  vanhu. 

^  Α.γΊ:6χμΤις,  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine  gov- 
ernment^ ^'gottUcheWeltordtiung^'^''  Arta  {cf.  Av.  asa), 
Av.  arota,  Skt.  rta  +  Av.  vahma,  supplicant;  p)'^^y^'\ 
praise;  cf.  Justi.  NB.  516. 

Άρτι^ό^ίος.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  dimne  gov- 
enmment^  '''' gottliclieWeltordnung  ^''  Arta  {(ά.  Av.  asa), 
Av.  ar9ta,  Skt.  rta;  posterius  may  be  connected  with 
Av.  vaf  (pres.  ufya),  to  sing  of ^  to  praise  in  song;  cf. 
Justi,  KB.  514. 

Άρτ^ΰϊ^ττ^ς.     Variant  of  ^Αρτανντης  (q.  v.). 

^Λ.ρτνστώνη.  Anc.  Pers.  arta  (comp.),  divine 
gover?iraenf^  "goftUche  Weltord?iung,''^  Arta  (cf.  Ay. 
asa),  Av.  arsta,  Skt.  rta;  posterius  perhaps  Av.  ustana, 
ustana,  life. 

ΆρΤϋφίος.     Variant  of  'A/arr/Jios  (q.  v.). 

Λ.ΟΊ'ώνη.     See  "Αρτωνις. 

"AprcdVLg,  Anc.  Pers.  *artauni,  Ijelonglng  to.,  ad- 
herent  of  A?'ta^  A  v.  asaoni,  fem.  of  asavan. 

^iVpvav^Yig.  Perhaps  of  same  origin  as  'O/ooWas 
(q.  v.). 


30  Grjeco- Persian  Names 

Άσίαίά'Τα^.    Variant  of  Άσώάτψ  (q.  v.). 

\\σί8άτης,  Anc.  Pers.  άΘΗ  (comp.),  Jre  (cf. 
a^''iyadiya,  Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  62),  Av.  atar 
(New  Pers.  aSar)  +  Anc.  Pers.  data,  PPfP.  of  da 
(I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create  or  da  (I.  E.  *d5),  to  give;  Fire- 
given^  Fire-created. 

Ασπαίάτ>7$.     Anc.   Pers.    aspa   (comp.),  liorse., 
YAv.  aspa  (New  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  aQva  +  Av.  datar 
.  (nom.  data),  giver^  Skt.  datar;  giver  of  horses. 

^ ΧαηαΟίνης,  Anc.  Pers.  Aspacanah  (Dar.  NRd. 
1).  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  ho7'se^  YAv.  aspa  (New 
Pers.  asp),  Skt.  agva  +  Anc.  Pers.  canah  (comp.),  de- 
sire^ YAv.  cinah  (comp.),  Skt.  canas;  having  a  desire 
for  /iO)'srs;  cf.  Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  71. 

"Ασπαρίος.  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse,  YAv. 
aspa  (New  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  a^va  +  suffix  (a)ka;  hype, 
form  derived  from  a  double-stem  name  containing 
aspa  (cf.  Άστταδάτϊ^?  and  others). 

Ασηαμί'Τρης.  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse, 
YAv.  aspa  (Ne\v  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  agva  +  Anc.  Pers. 
Mi^a,  the  god  Jfithra,  represented  in  the  Avesta  as 
being  drawn  across  the  heavens  by  four  white  steeds, 
Av.  Mi^ra,  Skt.  mitra. 

Α.α7ΐίσας,  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse,  YAv. 
aspa  (New  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  a^va  -|-  Av.  isa  (comp.), 
desiring,  or  Av.  is,  desire/  desiring  or  having  a  desire 
for  horses. 


GR^iiCO-PEitsiAN  Xames,  31 

^ Αστάσηης.  YAv.  asta,  eirj/it,  Skt.  asta  +  Anc. 
Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse^  YAv.  aspa  (New  Pers.  asp), 
Skt.  aQva;  having  eight  horses;  cf .  YAv.  Asta-aurvant, 
having  eight  runners. 

'Άστ>7$.  Hype,  form  based  upon  YAv.  asta,  eight 
(ef .  ΆστάστΓϊ/ς  (q.  v. ) ;  cf .  also  YAv.  asta,  messeiiger. 

Άτόσσα.  YAv.  Hutaosa,  Anc.  Pers.  u  good.,  Av. 
hu,  Skt.  su;  for  posterius  Bartholouuie,  AVb.  1822, 
posits  *taosa,  thigh.,  Middle  Pers.  hutos,  O.  H.  G. 
dioh;  cf .  in  meaning  Skt.  vamoru,  Gr.  καλλιπυγος. 

Άτραέάτ>7ς.  YAv.  atara-data,  atra-data,  Anc. 
Pers.  dS^^i  (comp.),  fire.,  Av.  atar,  atara  +  Anc.  Pers. 
data,  PPfP.  of  da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create,  or  da  (I.  E. 
^6.0).,  to  give;  Fire-a^eatedox  Fire-giveyi;  cf.  Άσιδάττ;? 
(q.  v.). 

Άτροπάτλ^ς.  YAv.  Atsrapata,  Anc.  Pers.  a^'i 
(comp.),  fire.,  Av.  atar,  atsra  +  Anc.  Pers.  pata, 
PPfP.  of  pa,  tojirotect.,  A  v.  pa,  Skt.  pa;  Fire-protected. 

χνιιραίάτ>:ς.     See  Ά/^ραδάτα?. 

Αΰρο^ασδ>7ς.     See  Ώρομάζψ. 

Λ.ντοβάρ•ης.  Anc.  Pers.  '^auta,  understa7iding 
(cf.  Y^xVv.  aot,  to  under.sfand)  +  Anc.  Pers.  bara 
(comp.),  fr.  bar,  to  bear,  A  v.  bara,  Skt.  bhara. 

Α^ντοβοίοάκης,  Anc.  Pers.  *auta,  understanding 
(cf.  YAv.   aot,  to  underi<tand)\    according  to  Jiisti, 


32  Grjeco-Pehsian  Xames 

NB.  52,  posteriiis  may  be  connected  with  Armen. 
boys,  to  plant  ^  from  which  come  busak,  busanil. 

Αΰτοφραίάτλ^ς.  Anc.  Pers.  *auta,  understanding 
(cf.  YAv.  aot,  to  understand)  +  YAv.  fra-data  or 
-Sata,  PPfP.  of  da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to  male,  or  da  (I.  E. 
*do),  to  give,  with  prefix  frsLyJOrth;  setjvrward,  ad- 
vanced; jprehninent  in  understanding. 

^Αχαιμενης,  Anc.  Pers.  Haxamanis:  Cispais  pita 
Eaxamanis  (Bh.  1,  5,  6),  the  Jut  her  of  Teispes  (is) 
Achasmenes,  Anc.  Pers.  *haxa  (nom.  sing,  in  compo- 
sition; cf  Tohnan,  Lex.  and  Texts,  131),  friend, 
YAv.  haxi,  Skt.  sakhi  +  Anc.  Pers.  manis  (comp. ), 
mind  (cf.  A  v.  manah);  friendly -minded. 

^Λχαίμεν'ώιης.  Patronymic  form  of  Άχαιμΐνης 
(q.  v.),  the  Greek  patronymic  being  used  to  express 
the  Anc.  Pers.  proper  adj.  Haxamanisiya  (Haxamanis 
+  suffix  (a)iya),  of  the  race  of  Achcemenes,  Achm- 
menidan. 

Β 

Βα^α<5άτ>7$.  Anc.  Pers.  baga,  god•,  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  Anc.  Pers.  data,  PPfP.  of  da 
(I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create,  or  da  (I.  E.  *d5),  to  give;  god- 
a^eated,  god-given  (cf.  in  meaning  Gr.  Θεόδωρος). 

Βά^αζΌς.  Probably  a  corruption  of  Meya^Sa^o?  (q. 
V.  )  or  Meya;Sv^os  (q.  v.). 

Βα^άθωος.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of  Bagadata 
(see  BayaSaT?;?).  Justi,  NB.  ^'^,  suggests  that  ^ω  = 
tha  <  data. 


Ge^co-Pehsiax  Xames.  33 

ΒαγαΙος.  Anc.  Pers.  baga,  god,  YAv.  baya  (Mid- 
dle Pers.  bay)  +  suffix  (a)iya;  hype,  form  of  perhaps 

Βαγαττάττ/ς  (q.   V.). 

ΒαγαηαΙος,  Hype,  form  of  Βαγαττάττ^ς  (q.  v.); 
first  letter  of  posterius  is  retained  and  suffix  (a)iya 
added. 

Βαγαηάηης.  Ane.  Pers.  baga,  god,  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  Ane.  Pers.  pata,  PPfP.  of  pa, 
to  protect,  Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa;  god-protected, 

Βαγασάχης,  Ane.  Pers.  baga,  god,  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay);  posterius  may  be  YAv.  saoka, 
favor,  advantage;  Justi,  NB.  509,  posits  Ane.  Pers. 
*saka,  Skt.  gaka,  strength, 

ΒαχοραξΌ^.  Ane.  Pers.  baga,  god,  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  Av.  razar,  command,  order. 

Βαρ/ω5άραν  (aee.).  Shortened  from  Bαyωδαpαvαv 
(q.  v.). 

Ba/6)iapami^  (aee.).  Ane.  Pers.  baga,  god, 
YAv.  baya  (Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  YAv.  darana,  ybr- 
tress,  Skt.  dharana;  having  the  gods  as  his  fortress, 

BaSp)7g.  Justi,  NB.  56,  posits  A  v.  *ba8ra,  ^'gluck- 
lich;'  ''Gluck,''  New  Pers.  bahr,  Skt.  bhadra;  hype, 
form. 

Βα^άκ>7$  (ό  θαυμαστός).      Hype,  form  of  perhaps 
Ά/οτά^α^ο5  (q.  V.)  with  suffix  (a)ka. 
3 


34  Grjeco-Persian  Xames 

Βαζ'άλ'37$.  Hype,  form  of  perhaps  'Α^ρταβαζάνη^ 
(q.  v.). 

Βαζαφαρμάνγις.     Variant  of  Βαρζαφάρνης  (q.  v.). 

Βαρξ'αελ'Τ>7ς.    Υ  A  v.  Borazavant,  Υ  A  v.  baroz,  barsz, 

high  +  suffix  vant;  cf .  Bthl.  Wb.  960. 

Βαρζάνης,  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
vardana,  town^  GAv.  vorszona,  YAv.  varazana  (New 
Pers.  barzan),  community^  society;  perhaps  from 
^Αριοβαρζάνψ  (q.  v.). 

Βαρζαφάρνης,  YAv.  barez,  bsrsz  (comp.),  high 
+  Ane.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glory ^  renown,  YAv. 
x'aranah;  havlfig  high  renown, 

Βάρ>7$.     Perhaps  variant  of  Βάδρτ^ς  (q.  v.). 

Bapm/3a^O$.     Variant  of  ^α.ρνά.βαζο%  (q.  v.). 

BapoakvUYiq,     See  Bap^acVxiy?. 

Βαρσίι^)^.  Justi,  NB.  6tt,  posits  A  v.  *varesaena, 
fr.  YAv.  varosa,  hair  +  suffix  aena;  ''''die  Gelockie;''^ 
perhaps  a  hypo,  form  based  upon  varosa  +  suffix  (i)na. 

Βασσάχης.     Variant  of  Βαγασακης  (q.  v.). 

Β>7λουρος.  Aeeording  to  Pott,  ZDMG.  13,384, 
conneeted  with  New  Pers.  belur,  he7yl, 

ΒίΟθάνης,     See  Ύστάνψ, 


Gu^co-Pehsiax  Names  35 

Boyrjg.  Hype,  form  based  upon  A  v.  buj,  release^ 
deliverance^  fr.  Υ  A  v.  buj,  to  release^  save  +  suffix  a. 

Βό^ος.     Perhaps  hype,   form  of  Bagabuxsa  (see 

McyaySv^os). 

Βονβάχης.  Anc.  Pers.  *bu,  earthy  land  (cf.  Anc. 
Pers.  biimi,  earthy  Skt.  bhumi),  Skt.  bhu  +  GAv. 
baga,  allotment^  Skt.  bhaga;  possesshig  an  allotment 
of  land;  cf.  Skt.  bhubhaga,  spot  of  earthy  and  Βονβάρης 
(q.  v.). 

Βονβάρης.  Anc.  Pers.  *bu,  earthy  land  (cf.  Anc. 
Pers.  bumi,  eart/i,  Skt.  bhumi),  Skt.  bhu  +  Anc. 
Pers.  bar  a  (comp. ),  hearing^  possessing^  Υ  A  v.  bara, 
Skt.  bhara;  possessing  land;  cf .  Skt.  bhubhrt  and  Βου- 
βάκψ  (q.  v.). 

ΒονγαΙος,  Hype,  form  based  upon  Av.  buj,  re- 
lease^ deliverance^  fr.  YAv.  buj,  to  release^  save  + 
suffix  (a)iya;  cf.  Βόγ>;ς  (q.  v.). 

Βοι;πάρ>7$.     Variant  of  Βονβάρψ  (q.  v.). 

Βράξ'ας.     Incorrect  reading  for  ΒαρζαΙντη^  (q.  v.). 

Γ 

Τωβρίας,     See  Τωβρνα^. 

Γω/3ρι;α$.  Anc.  Pers.  Gaubruva:  Gaubruva  Patis- 
uvaris  Darayavahaus  xsaya^iyahya  arstibara,  Gohryas^ 
a  Patischorian^  spearbearer  of  Darius  the  king  (Dar. 
NRc).  According  to  Justi,  IF.  17,  Anz.  Ill,  *gau, 
cattU  +  *baruva,  Skt.  bharu,  lord;  Urd  of  cattle. 


36  Gu^co-Pehsian  Xames 


Αα^ονχος,  Cf.  Anc.  Pers.  [Datujhya,  Bh.  4,  85 
(cf.  Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  98).  The  supplement 
[datu-]  is  uncertain.  The  Babylonian  gives  za-*-tu-'-a. 
Bartholomae,  \Yb.  731,  reads  Daduhya  and  suggests  a 
possible  connection  with  Ar.  *d(h)uns,  to  pant^  Uow^ 
with  intensive  reduplication. 

Ααϊφά^νγις.  Υ  Αν .  dahi  (comp. ) ,  creation  +  Anc. 
Pers.  farnah  (comp. ),  glory ^  YAv.  x'^aranah. 

Δ^αίφε^νης.     See  Δαϊφάρνί/ς. 

Ααμασηία.  Fem.  formation  from  YAv.  Jamaspa. 
The  prius  *jama  is  connected  by  Justi,  NB.  109,  with 
Skt.  janman,  hirth^  production,  giving  it  the  meaning 
of  race;  posterius  is  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse, 
YAv.  aspa,  Skt.  agva. 

Δα^άτας.     By  metathesis  from  Αατάμας  (q.  v.). 
Ααοϋχος,     See  Δαδουχος. 
Ααρειαία.     See  Δαρείος. 
Δαρειαίας.     See  Δαρείος. 

ΑαρείΟίος.      See  Δαρείος. 

Δαρείος.  Anc.  Pers.  Darayavau:  adam  DarayavauS 
xsaya^iya  vazarka,  I  (am)  Darius  the  great  king  (Bh. 
1,  1).  Anc.  Pers.  daraya(t),  PPA.  of  dar,  to  hold, 
possess,  Av.  dar,  Skt.  dhr  +  Anc.  Pers.  va(h)u  (comp.), 
good  (cf.  Vaumisa),  A  v.  vanhu,  Skt.  vasu. 


Gk^co- Persian  Names  37 

ΑαγΐΥΐκτ^ς,  Hype,  form  of  Aapeto?  (q.  v.)  with 
suffix  (a)ka. 

Δατά^ας.     See  Αατάμης. 

Δατά^>7ς.  Perhaps  hype,  form  of  a  full  name 
composed  of  Anc.  Pers.  data,  law  +  a  word  begin- 
ning with  m,  perhaps  Mi^a  (ef.  Justi,  NB.  81). 

Ααταφέρνης.  Prius  either  Ane.  Pers.  data,  PPfP. 
of  da  (I.  E.  *d5),  to  give,  Av.  da,  or  Anc.  Pers.  data, 
law,  fr.  da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create,  Av.  da;  posterius 
Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glory,  fortune,  ΎΑχ. 
x^arsnah. 

Ααν^ίσγις,  Prius  perhaps  YAv.  davi  (eomp.),  de- 
ceit; posterius  may  be  connected  with  Υ  A  v.  ris  (pres. 
irisya),  to  harm,,  injure;  cf.  Justi,  NB.  82,  508. 

Αγι'ίόκτις.  Perhaps  hype,  form  of  Anc.  Pers.  *da- 
hyaupati,  governor  of  a  province,  Av.  dainhupaiti  with 
suffix  (a)ka  (cf.  Justi,  NB.  76). 

Δοτά^ίίας.    See  Δατά/χτ;?. 

Δώτος.  Doubtless  hype,  form  of  a  name  contain- 
ing Ane.  Pers.  data,  as  PPfP.  of  da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to 
create,  or  da  (I.  E.  *do),  to  give,  or  with  the  meaning 
Ιαΐΰ. 

Ε 

Έ$άθρ)7ς.     See  Όξ<1θρψ. 

^Εξαόρτιτς,     Origin  uncertain;  cf.  Ό$άθρψ  (q.  v.) 

and  Ζωροάστρης  (q.  V.  ). 


38  Gr^co- Persian  Xamks 

Ενφράτας,  It  would  seem  that  cu  represents  here 
the  Anc.  Pers.  u,  well,  Av.  hu,  Skt.  su;  posterius  is 
connected  by  Justi,  IF.  17,  Anz.  116,  with  *frata, 
βΓβ  (Armen.  hrat;  nnto  whom  the  fire  is  gracious, 
Bartholomew,  AVb.  1830,  however,  regards  the  poste- 
rius as  a  loan  word. 

Ζ 

Ζαμάσφης.      From   Υ  Ay.   Jamaspa  (q.   v.   under 

Δα/χασπια). 

Ζάμης.    Probably  hype,  form  from  YAv.  Jamaspa 

(q.  V.  under  Δα/Ααστταχ);   cf.  Ζαμάσφψ  (q.  v.). 

Ζαρίάδρ>7ς.  YAv.  Zairivairi,  fr.  YAv.  zairi,  yel- 
low, gilt  +  YAv.  vairi,  (comp.),  hreastplate;  having 
a  gilt  hreastplate. 

Ζωροάστρ>7$.  Greek  name  of  the  Avestan  Zara^- 
ustra,  fr.  *zarant,  old,  Skt.  jarant  +  Av.  ustra,  camel; 
whose  camels  are  old  (BthL,  Wb.  1676);  but  Justi, 
NB.  381,  considers  the  Greek  form  Ζωροάστρψ  to  be 
from  YAv.  zavar,  power  +  YAv.  yastar,  worshiper, 
sacrificer;  cf.  also  Pott,  ZDMG.  13,  425,  and  Rapp, 
{bid.  19,  34.     Ascoli,  Beitrage  z.  vgl.  Spr.  5,  210. 

Η 

^Έ.λικος.  May  be  hype,  form  based  upon  YAv. 
hareka,  rejected;  probably  influenced  by  Gr.  ηλικία. 

*  Η  ρώδ37  ς .    See  ΎρώΒψ. 


Gk^co-Peksian  Names  39 


^l^Epvyjg.     See  ΎΒάρνψ. 

Ιεραμενκις.  Prius  perhaps  Av.  vira,  mmi^  Jiero^ 
Skt.  vira,  influenced  by  Gr.  ιερός;  posterius  Anc.  Pers. 
manis  (comp. ),  mlnd^  A  v.  manah;  having  a  hero- 
mind;  cf.  in  meaning  '^ΚρσαμΙνη^  (q.  v.). 

Ίξ'α/ί?άτ>7ς.     See  ^Ι^αβάτψ. 

^Ιθαμίτρης,  May  be  from  Anc.  Pers.  vi^,  7Oyal 
race,  Av.  vis,  Skt.  νίς  +  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^ra,  the  god 
Mithra,  Av.  Mi^ra,  Skt.  mitra;  inverted  compound; 

cf.  ^ Αστταμίτρης  (q.  V.). 

^ΙμαΙος,  Hype,  form  based  upon  Av.  Yima,  Skt. 
Yama,  New  Pers.  Jam(set),  Jamshid — L  β.,  Yimo  xsaeto, 
Yima  the  glorious  +  suffix  (a)iya;  cf .  Y.  9.  4. 

^[νταφερνης,  Anc.  Pers.  Vi°dafarnah;  Vi''dafar[na] 
nama  Pa[rsa]  mana  ba"daka  avamsam  ma^istam  akun- 
avam,  Intaphernes  hy  name,  a  Persian,  ray  subject, 
him  I  made  chief  of  them  (Bh.  3,  84,  85).  Anc.  Pers. 
*viMa(t),  PPA.  of  *vid,  to  find,  Av.  vid,  Skt.  vid  + 
Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glory,  fortune,  YAv. 
x^'aranah;  cf.  Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  126. 

^Ιζαβά^ης,  Av.  aesa,  poioerful,  fr.  is,  to  he 
master  over,  +  Av.  paiti,  lord,  rider  (New  Pers.  bad), 
Skt.  pati.  Marquart  reads  Izadbates,  Av.  yazata, 
worshipful,  god  (INIiddle  Pers.  yazat,  New  Pers.  izad) 
+  Anc.  Pers.  pata,  PPfP.  of  pa,  to  protect,  Av.  pa, 
Skt.  pa. 


40  GBuECO-Persian  Names 

^Ιζαλβάτγις.     Corruption  of  Ίξαβάτης  (q.  v.). 

^Ισ^εγέρ^ης.    See  ΊσΒιγέρ^ψ. 

^Ια8ηγερ8ης.     See  ΊσΒιγίρΒης. 

^Ισ^ίγέρ8γ]ς.  Αν.  yazata  (PPfP.  of  yaz,  to  worship^ 
Anc.  Pers.  yad,  Skt.  yaj),  worship/id,  god  (Middle 
Pers.  yazat,  New  Pers.  izad)  +  Anc.  Pers.  karta, 
PPfP.  of  kar,  to  make,  Av.  kar,  Skt.  kr.  Cf .  Izdgerd, 
Yazdkart. 

^ΙσογαΙος.  Corruption  of  SoyStos,  the  I  being  from 
the  preceding  ΔΗΜΩΙ  and  A  for  Δ,  ace.  to  Justi,  NB. 
305. 

'laravyjg.    Variant  of  Ύστάνψ  (q.  v.). 

Κ 

Καμβύσης,  Anc.  Pers.  Ka^bujiya:  Ka°bujiya 
nama  Kuraus  pu^'"a  amaxam  taumaya,  Camhyses  hy 
name,  the  son  of  Cyrus,  (was)  of  owr  family  (Bh.  1, 
28).  Bartholomae,  Wb.  436,  suggests  *ka"bu  +  jiya 
(cf.  YAv.  jya,  sinew),  "'mit  Sehnen  aus  -?-";  cf.  Foy, 
KZ.  35,  62  and  Justi,  NB.  490. 

Καρτώ^>7ς.  prius  perhaps  Anc.  Pers.  kara,  the 
people,  army;  posterius  may  be  either  Anc.  Pers. 
tauma,  family,  in  which  case  the  compound  would 
mean  possessing  a  family  of  the  army — i.  e. ,  belonging 
to  the  warrior-class  (cf.  Pott,  ZDMG.  13,  443),  or 
Anc.  Pers.  tauman,  jwwer,  might  (cf.  Bthl.,  \Yb.  623; 
Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  91). 


Οκ.ΐί'ϋ-Γι•:κ8ΐΑχ  Names  41 

ΚομαΊ'ης.  Anc.  Pers.  Gaumata:  pa[sava]  I  martiya 
magus  aha  Gaumata  nama,  afterwards  there  vjas  one 
ma7i,  a  Magian^  Gaumata  hy  name  (Bh.  1,  36).  Av. 
gau  (in  comp.  gao,  Anc.  Pers.  *gau),  coio^  also  prod- 
ucts of  cattle,  such  as  fleshy  milk  (mixed  with  haoma 
in  sacrifices),  Skt.  go;  posterius  perhaps  mata,  PPfP. 
of  Anc.  Pers.  ma,  to  measure^  Av.  ma,  Skt.  ma;  here 
perhaps  with  the  sense  of  a-mata,  -proved  skillful  or 
capable  in;  as  applied  to  Magian  or  priest  the  mean- 
ing of  the  compound  would  be:  measured^  proved  or 
tested^  in  the  use  of  cattle  or  their  products  in  the  sac- 
rifices.    Against  this  view  see  Bthl.,  Wb.  484. 

Κρανάσηης.    For  prius  Justi,   NB.  499,  posits 

Anc.  Pers.  *krana,  from  New  Pers.  kuran,  "gelb- 

I>raun^\'    posterius  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse, 
YAv.  aspa,  Skt.  a9va. 

Κι•α^άρ>7$.  Uvaxstra,  Bh.  2, 15;  4, 19.  Anc.  Pers. 
u,  good,  Av.  hu,  Skt.  su  +  *vaxstra,  fr.  Av.  vaxs,  to 
grow,  Skt.  vaks  (cf.  Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  77). 

Κύρος.  Etymology  and  meaning  doubtful,  proba- 
bly non-Iranian  name.  The  Persians  are  said  to  have 
connected  the  meaning  with  ''  sun  "  (Justi,  NB.  167). 
According  to  Strabo  729,  the  original  name  before  the 
assumption  of  that  of  the  river  Cyrus  was  Agradates. 
If  Γ  is  to  be  read,  we  might  compare  YAv.  ayra,  highest, 
not  country  (-given),  as  Sayce  Hdt.  69;  if  T,  we  have 
Atradates,  the  reputed  father  of  Cyrus  (Ctesias  in 
Nicol.  Damasc,  Miiller,  Fragm.  lU,  398),  Av.  atar 
(Middle  Pers.  atur,  New  Pers.  SiCLQx),fire,  The  pos- 
terius in  both  cases  is  data,  PPfP.  of  Anc.  Pers.  da 


42  Gr^co-Persian  Names 

(I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create^  Av.  da,  or  Anc.  Pers.  da  (I. 
E.  *do),  to  give^  A  v.  da. 


Αίαως,  Justi,  NB.  183,  connects  with  Av.  srira, 
heautifiil. 

Αυθίμνας*  Perhaps  hype,  form  connected  with 
YAv.  uru^man,  growth,  fr.  Υ  A  v.  raod,  to  groxo  (cf. 
Justi,  NB.  183). 

Μ 

Μα/α5άτ>7ς.     Variant  of  Βαγαδάτι??  (q.  v.). 

Μαχαίος.     Variant  of  Βαγαΐο?  (q.  v.). 

Μαέάτας.  Anc.  Pers.  mah,  month,  Av.  mah, 
moon- god,  Mah  (New  Pers.  mah),  Skt.  mas  +  data, 
PPfP.  of  Anc.  Pers.  da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create,  A  v. 
da,  or  Anc.  Pers.  da  (I.  E.  *do),  to  give,  Av.  da;  Mah- 
created  or  Mali-given. 

Μαδέτ>7ς.     Variant  of  Μαδ<χτα9  (q.  v.). 

Μάδρ>7$.     See  Βάδρτ/ς. 

Μαζ'αία.     See  Μα^αΓος. 

Μαζ'αως.  Anc.  Pers.  mazdah  (in  Auramazdah,  see 
'Ώρομάζψ),  Av.  mazdah,  miiidful,  hiowing  all  (cf.  A  v. 
mazda,  to  hold  in  mi?id,  rememler)  +  suffix  (a)iya; 
hype,  form  perhaps  of  *Mazda-data  (see  data  in  Ba- 


Gr^co-Pp:esiax  Names  43 

γαδατί;?)  ΟΓ  Mazda-pata  (see  pata  in  Βαγαπάττ/ς) ;   of.  Ba- 
γαΐος  (q.  V. ). 

^Ιαζάχης.  Hypo,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
mazdah  (in  Auramazdah,  see  ΏρομΛζψ)^  Αν.  mazdah, 
mindful^  hnovnng  all  (cf.  Av.  mazda,  to  hold  in  irnnd^ 
7'ememhe7')  -f  suffix  (a)ka;  cf.  Ma^atos  (q.  v.). 

Μα^άρλ^ν  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
mazdah  (in  Auramazdah,  see  ^Ορομάζης)^  Αν.  mazdah, 
mindful^  knowing  all  (cf .  Av.  mazda,  to  hold  in  m  ind^ 
rememhei')  +  suffix  (a)ra;  cf.  Μα^αΐο?  (q.  v.). 

Μάξ'αρος      See  Μαζάρη^. 

^1αζ•ηνγις,  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
mazdah  (in  Auramazdah,  see  ^Ωρομάζψ)^  A  v.  mazdah, 
mindful^  knowing  all  (cf.  A  v.  mazda,  to  hold  in  nvrnd^ 
rememher)  +  suffix  (a)na;  cf.  Μάταιος  (q.  v.). 

Μά>7ς.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers.  mah, 
month^  Av.  mah,  moo7i^  moon-god^  Mah  (New  Pers. 
mah),  Skt.  mas,  perhaps  with  suffix  a. 

^Ιαφονζάνης.  Anc.  Pers.  mah,  month^  Av.  mah, 
moon^  moon-god.,  Mah.,  Skt.  mas  +  YAv.  bujyana, 
participial  adj.  fr.  buj,  to  release.,  save;  having  release^ 
salvation  through  Mah;  cf.  Μιθροβονζάνη^  (q.  v.). 

Μαώάτας.    Variant  of  Μαδάτα?  (q.  v.). 

"Μαΐφαρνος,  Anc.  Pers.  mah,  month.,  Av.  mah, 
moon^  QYioon-god^  Mah.,  Skt.  mas  +  Anc.  Pers.  farnah 
(comp.),  glory.,  fortune.,  YAv.x^aranah;  having  the 


44  Gr^^co-Persiax  Xames 

glory  of  the  moon  or  having  his  glory ^  fortune  from 
Mah, 

Μα6φάτ)7$.  Anc.  Pers.  mah,  mouthy  Av.  mah, 
moon^  moon-god^  Mah^  Skt.  mas  -j-  pata,  PPfP.  of 
Anc.  Pers.  pa,  to  protect^  Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa;  Mah-pro- 
tected, 

Μάϊ^δρ>7ς.  Perhaps  corrupt  reading  for  Βάδοι;? 
(q.  v.). 

Μάραφ6$.    See  Μά/^φιος. 

Μαρδόϊ^ιος.  Anc.  Pers.  Marduniya  (Bh.  4,  84). 
According  to  Justi,  NB.  195,  derived  from  *mardvan, 
mercy^  Av.  *merezvan,  with  suffix  ya  to  the  weak 
form  mardun;  but  Bartholomae,  Wb.  1151,  connects 
with  *marduna,  "  Winzer^'^  comparing  New  Pers.  mul, 
wine^  Skt.  mrdvika,  mne;  cf .  also  ZDMG.  54,  359. 

Μαρδοζ^Τ)7$.  Anc.  Pers.  *Bardavant,  YAv.  Barsz- 
avant  (cf .  Anc.  Pers.  vardana  =  GAv.  vsrazana,  YAv. 
varszana).  Anc.  Pers.  *bard,  high^  YAv.  barez,  bardz 
+  suffix  vant;  cf.  Bap^acvT»;?  (q.  v.). 

Μάρδος.  Anc.  Pers.  Bardiya:  avahya  Ka°bujiya- 
hya  brat[a  Bardijya  nama  aha,  of  this  Camhyses  there 
was  a  hr other  Bardiya  (the  S/>tepSts  of  Hdt.)  ly  name 
(Bh.  1,  29,  30).  Anc.  Pers.  *bard,  high,  YAv.  barsz, 
bsrsz  +  suffix  (a)iya;  cf.  Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts, 
114.     Cf .  the  full  names  Άριό/Ααρδος  and  ^^,μερΒομίνψ. 

Μάρδωι^.     May  be  variant  of  Μαρδόηο?  (q.  v.). 


Ge^co-Persian  Xames  45 

Μάρφίος.     Perhaps  same  as  the  proper  adj.  Μαρά- 

φΐ05  (cf.  Μαράφιοι,  Hdt.   1,  125  and  Μαράφιον,  Hdt.  4. 

167),  Marapliian;  cf.  Keiper,  89. 

Μασα/3άτ37ς.  Prius  perhaps  YAv.  mazan,  great- 
ness; posterius  Anc.  Pers.  pata,  PPfP.  of  pa,  to  pro- 
tect^ Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa. 

Μασ6στ>7ς.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
ma^ista,  greatest^  YAv.  masista. 

Μασ6στιος.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
masista,  greatest^  YAv.  masista  -[-  suffix  (a)iya. 

Μασίστρ)7ς.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
masista,  greatest^  YAv.  masista  +  suffix  (a)ra. 

Μασκά^)7$.  Perhaps  YAv.  mas,  great  +  Anc. 
Pers.  kama,  desire^  Av.  kama. 

Ματάκ>7ς.  Anc.  Pers.  mata,  PPfP.  of  ma,  to 
measure^  A  v.  ma,  Skt.  ma  +  suffix  (a)ka;  hype,  form 
perhaps  of  Κο/Αάτ>;ς  (q.  v.). 

Μεχα^άξ'>7ς.     See  Mcya^a^os. 

Με/ά/?αζΌ$.  Anc.  Pers.  baga,  god^  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  YAv.  bazu  (New  Pers.  bazu), 
arm^  Skt.  bahu;  having  God  as  his  arm  {st7'e7}gth). 

lslεγaβάΫr^ς,  Anc.  Pers.  baga,  god^  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  Anc.  Pers.  bara  (comp.),  fr.  bar, 
to  hear^  YAv.  bara,  Skt.  bhara;  god-hearing^  god-sup- 


46  Gr^co-Persiax  Xames 

po7'ting,  or  god-supported  (cf.   Anc.   Pers.    asabari, 

moxmted  ση  hoi'ses). 

^Ιεγαβάττης.     See  Βαγαττάτψ, 
Μεγαβερνης.     See  Μεγαφίρνψ. 

Τ^Ιεγάβνζος.  Anc.  Pers.  Bagabuxsa;  Ba[gab]uxsa 
nama  [Datujhyahya  pu^^'a  Parsa,  Megahjzus  hy  name^ 
the  son  of  JDatuhya^  a  Persian  (Bh.  4,  85).  Anc.• Pers. 
baga,  god^  YAv.  baya  (Middle  Pers.  bay)  4-  *buxsa, 
fr.  *buj,  YAv.  buj  (Middle  Pers.  boxtan),  to  free  (Tol- 
man,  Lex.  and  Texts,  113). 

'M,εγahάl:γις,     Variant  of  Βαγαδάττ/ς  (q.  v.). 

^lεγah6arης,  Anc.  Pers.  baga,  god^  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  Anc.  Pers.  *dusta,  PPfP.  of 
*dus,  to  take  pleasure  i7i^  love^  Av.  zus;  helovedof  God 
(cf.  in  meaning  Gr.  Θεόφιλο?). 

ΊϋΙεγάηανος,  Anc.  Pers.  baga,  god^  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  YAv.  pana,  protection,  Skt. 
pana;  Jiaving  God  as  his  protection, 

'Μ.εγαα'ώρας,  Anc.  Pers.  baga,  god^  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  Anc.  Pers.  ci^'^a,  race^  lineage^ 
Av.  ci^ra  (New  Pers.  cihr),  Skt.  citra;  having  his 
lineage  from  the  gods  (cf.  in  meaning  Gr.  ©coycViys). 

Μεγαφερνης,  Anc.  Pers.  baga,  god^  YAv.  baya 
(Middle  Pers.  bay)  +  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (com p.), 
glory,  fortune,  YAv.  x'^arenah. 


Gileco-Persian  ISTames  47 

^Ιενίύχος.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
manis  (comp.),  mind,  Av.  manah  -f-  suffix  (a)ka. 

Τ^Ιενοστάνης,  Perhaps  Anc.  Pers.  manis  (comp.), 
mind,  realm  of  the  intellect,  Av.  manah,  Skt.  manas 
+  Anc.  Pers.  stdiXiSi,  j^ace,  Skt.  sthana. 

Μερδίς.     See  Μάρδος. 

Mjiyiog.     Anc.  Pers.  Mada,  Median, 

Μ>7θραφερλ^?7$.      See  Μιτραφ^ρνης. 

'ΜηΊ'ράστης,  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  MitJu^a, 
Av.  Mi^a  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  +  A  v.  va- 
hista,  lest,  superl.  of  vanhu,  Anc.  Pers.  va(h)u  (comp.), 
Skt.  vasu;  cf .  Justi,  NB.  216. 

Μ/θαρος.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
Mi^a,  the  god  Mithra,  A  v.  Mi^a  (New  Pers.  Mihr), 
Skt.  mitra;  cf.  Μιθρα^άτψ  (q.  v.). 

Μιθραέάτ>7$.  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^ra,  the  god  Mitlira, 
Av.  Mi^a  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  +  Anc.  Pers. 
data,  PPfP.  of  da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create,  Av.  da,  Skt. 
da,  or  da  (I.  E.  *do),  to  give,  Av.  da,  Skt.  da;  Mithra- 
created  or  Mitlira-cjiven, 

Μιθραίος.  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  Mithra,  A  v. 
Mi^a  (ΝβΛν  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  +  suffix  (a)iya; 
hype,  form  perhaps  of  Μιθρα^άτψ  (q.  v.)  or  of  a  similar 
compound  with  Mi^ra. 

MSfavYic,,    Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  Mithra,  Av. 


48  Gr^co-Persian  ΙΝΆπεβ, 

Mi^a  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  +  suffix  (a)na; 
hype,  form  of  a  double-stem  name  containing  Mi^a 

(cf.  Μίθρα^άτης). 

'^Ιιθραξ'ώης,  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  Mtthra, 
Av.  Mi^a  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra;  posterius 
probably  shortened  from  Anc.  Pers.  xsaya  (comp.), 
king,  Av.  xsaya,  Skt.  ksaya,  or  Anc.  Pers.  xsa^^'a, 
Jcingdom,  Av.  xsa^a,  Skt.  ksatra,  with  a  Greek  patro- 
nymic ending  attached;  cf.  Justi,  NB.  216. 

Μίθρας.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 
Mi^a,  the  god  Ifithra,  A  v.  Mi^a,  (New  Pers.  Mihr), 
Skt.  mitra;  cf .  ΜιθραΧο^  (q.  v. ). 

'Ήίώ^ατάχμγις,  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  Mithra, 
Av.  Mi^ra  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  +  Anc.  Pers. 
tauma,  YAv.  taoxman,  seed,  germ,  Skt.  tokman;  of  the 
seed  ofMithra,  For  the  relation  of  Anc.  Pers.  tauma 
to  YAv.  taoxman,  see  Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  91. 

ΜίθραΰσΤ>7$.      See  Μητρώστης, 

Μ-ίθρ-ηνης.     See  Μι,θράνψ. 

'^Ιίθρώάτ'ης.     See  Μιθρα^άτψ. 

Mt^ptSa-rig.     Feminine  of  ΜιθριΒάτψ  (q.  v.). 

^ΙίθρΙνης,     See  Μίθρψψ, 

^ίίθροάζης.  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  MUJira, 
Av.  Mi^ra  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  +  YAv. 
vaxsa,  ivord,  or  YAv.  vaxsa,  growth. 


Gr^eco-Persian  Names  49 

ΜίθροβαΙος.    Hype,  form  of  *Mi^apata  (see  Mt- 

τροβάτψ)\  cf.  Βαγατταϊο?  (q.  V.)  fr.  Βαγαπάτί^?. 

'^Ιώ^οβα^ζάνης.  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god 
Mitkra^  Av.  Mi^ra  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  + 
Anc.  Pers.  vardana,  town^  GAv.  vorszana,  YAv. 
varszana  (New  Pers.  barzan),  community^  society;  cf. 
^Αρτφαρ$άνψ  (q.  v.). 

Μίθροβονζάνγις.  Anc.  Pers.  Miftra,  the  god 
Mithra^  Av.  Mi^a  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  + 
YAv.  bujyana,  participial  adj.  fr.  buj,  to  release^  save; 
having  release^  saltation  through  Mithra;  cf .  MatySov- 
ζάνψ  (q.  v.). 

Mt^poSalog.  Hype,  form  of  *Mi^radata  (see  Mi- 
^/οαδάτϊ^ς);  cf.  Μιθροβαΐος  (q.  v.)  from  *Mi^apata. 

^Ιίθροηανϋτης,    See  Μίθρωττάστψ. 

'Μίθρωηάστης.  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  Mithra. 
Av.Mi^a  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra;  posterins 
may  be  Anc.  Pers.  npasta,  aid,  help,  YAv.  upasta; 
whose  help  is  Mithra, 

Μίτρα.      See  Μίθρας. 

ΜίΤραγάθης,  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  Mithra, 
Av.  Mi^ra  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra;  Justi,  NB. 
213,  connects  posterius  with  YAv.  ga^a,  hymn,  Skt. 
gatha;  he  ivho  sings  Mithra-hyyyins. 

ΜίΤραδάτ>7ς.     See  Μιθρα.Ζάτψ. 
4 


50  Gr^co-Persian  Names 

ΜίΤραΙος.     See  Μίθραΐος. 

ΜΐΤράΐ'>7$.      See  Μυθράνψ, 

"ΜίΤραφέρνης.  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^ra,  the  god  Jfithra^ 
Av.  Mi^a  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  +  Anc.  Pers. 
farnah  (comp.),  glory,  fortune,  YAv.  x^'arQnah. 

ΜιΤρο/3άτ>7$.  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  Mithra, 
Av.  Mi^ra  (New  Pers.  Mihr),  Skt.  mitra  +  Anc.  Pers. 
pata,  PPfP.  of  pa,  to  protect,  Av.  pa,  Skt.  ^sl;  protected 
hy  Mithra, 

^oa^kpvYi^,  Prius  evidently  Mavs,  a  Saka-king, 
130-110  B.  C.j  in  the  Indian  inscriptions  called  Moa 
(cf.  Justi,  NB.  200);  posteriiis  Anc.  Pers.  farnah 
(comp.),  glorij,  YAv.  x^'aranah;  having  the  glory  of 
Moa. 

^ΙονχαΙος,     Perhaps  variant  of  Βουγαΐος  (q.  v.). 

Μυξος.     Perhaps  variant  of  Bo^os  (q.  v.). 

Ν 

Νά/3αζΌ$.  Hype,  form  based  upon  YAv.  nav^za, 
navigator^  sailor;  cf.  Justi,  NB.  218. 

Να/3αρζ'άλ'>7ς.  Prius  Να-  uncertain;  posterius  Anc. 
Pers.  vardana,  toxon,  GAv.  vwazona,  YAv.  varazana 
(New  Pers.  barzan),  community;  cf.  ^Αρωβαρζάνψ 
(q.  v.). 

'Νίφάτης.    Hype,   form  based   upon  Anc.   Pers. 


Ge^eco-Peesian  Names  51 

napat,  grandson^  Av.  napat  (Νβλν  Pers.  nava),  Skt. 
napat  +  suffix  a;  perhaps  connected  with  Apam  Napat, 
genius  of  the  waters;  of.  Justi,  NB.  229;  Bthl.,  Wb. 
1039;  also  Άπ(ί/χα  (q.  v.). 

Νορο>'δα/3άτί7ς.     Incorrect  form  for  Όρον^αβάτης 
(q.  v.). 

Νΰσα.     Hype,  form  containing  Υ  A  v.  anaosa,  un- 

threatened  by  destritctioiiy  hninovtal, 

Νι;σ>7.     See  Νυσα. 
Νυσία.    See  Νΰσα. 
Νΰσσα.    See  Νυσα. 


Ηερξι?^.  Anc.  Pers.  Xsayarsan:  adam  Xsayarsa 
xsaya^iya  vazarka  .  .  .  Darayavahaus  xsaya^iya- 
hya  pu^^'a  Haxamanisiya,  /  {am)  Xerxes  the  great 
king^  .  .  .  the  son  of  Darius  the  hing^  the  Achae- 
menidan  (Xerx.  Pers.  a.  6  11).  Anc.  Pers.  xsaya 
(comp.),  Mng^  ruler ^  Av.  xsaya,  Skt.  ksaya  +  Anc. 
Pers.  arsan  (comp.),  man^  Υ  A  v.  arsan,  Skt.  rsabha, 
Gr.  αρσψ\  cf.  Tohnan,  Lex.  and  Texts,  84. 

0 

Όάρσ)7$.  Perhaps  xlnc.  Pers.  *uvarsan,  of  good 
virility^  strength^  fr.  Anc.  Pers.  u,  good^  Av.  hu,  Skt. 
su  +  *varsan,  Skt.  vrsan,  that  ivhich  is  distwguished 
for  virility  or  strength. 


52  GRiECO-PERSlAN    NaMES 

ΌάρΤ)7$.     Variant  of  Όάρσψ  (q.  v.). 

*Οβορζος,  Prius  perhaps  Anc.  Pers.  va(h)u 
(comp.),  good,  A  v.  vanhu,  vohu  (comp.);  posterius 
YAv.  barazan,  height,  fr.  YAv.  barez,  high  (New 
Pers.  burz).     For  ο  <  vohu  cf.  Όδάτι?  (q.  v.). 

Όίάτίζ.  YAv.  Vohudata,  fr.  vafihu,  vohu  (comp.), 
good  +  data,  PPfP.  of  da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create. 

Οιβάρας  (ΟΙβάρα^).     See  ΟΙβάρψ. 

Οιβάρης,  According  to  Nicolaiis  of  Damascus,  the 
name  means  άγαθάγγ€\ος.  If  this  be  true,  the  prius  Oi- 
(cf.  Oto-  in  ΟΙόβαζος)  must  come  from  Anc.  Pers.  va(h)u 
(comp.),  good,  A  v.  vanhu,  vohu  (comp.);  posterius 
Anc.  Pers.  bara  (comp.),  fr.  bar,  to  hear,  Ay.  bara, 
Skt.  bhara;  hearer  of  good;  cf.  also  Justi,  NB.  232. 

ΟΙόβαζος.  Prius  perhaps  Anc.  Pers.  va(h)u 
(comp.),  good,  A  v.  vanhu,  vohu  (comp.);  posterius 
YAv.  bazu,  arm-,  Skt.  bahu. 

^Οκοντοβάτης,  Incorrect  reading  for  Όροντοπάτης 
(q.  v.). 

^ΟΤ^φερνης,     Variant  of  ^Οροψίρνης  (q.  v.). 

Ομάργης.     Variant  of  Άμόργψ  (q.  v.). 

Όμάργγ]ς.     See  Όμ,άργψ. 

Oμaprr^ς,  Perhaps  incorrect  reading  for  Όμάρ-γψ 
(q.  V. ),  Τ  being  for  Γ. 


Gr^.co-Persian  Xames  53 

Όμάρτης.     See  Όμάρτψ. 

^OμovSoβάry;ς,  Incorrect  reading  for  *ΟροντοπάΓψ 
(q.  v.). 

^Ova<p£pvy;g.  YAv.  vanant,  PPA.  of  van,  to  win 
+  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp. ),  glory,  fortune,  YAv. 
x^arsnah;  wimiing  glory;  cf.  vanant  in  YAv.  vano- 
vispa. 

Όνόφας,  Hype,  form  of  ΌναφΙρνψ  (q.  v.);  cf. 
Άνάφψ  (q.  v.). 

^Οζάθρης,  Αν.  huxsa^a,  ruling  %cell,  good  rxtler, 
Anc.  Pers.  u,  good,  Av.  hu,  Skt.  su  +  Anc.  Pers. 
xsa^'^a,  rule,  hlngdom,  A  v.  xsa^ra,  Skt.  ksatra. 

Ό^ο3άτ>7$.  YAv.  vaxsa,  growth,  fr.  A  v.  vaxs,  to 
grow,  increase,  exalt  +  data,  PPfP.  of  Anc.  Pers.  da 
(I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create,  A  v.  da,  Skt.  da. 

Ό^υάθρ>7$.  Variant  of  'Ό^άθρψ  (q.  v.);  υ  proba- 
bly influenced  by  ο^υς;  cf .  Justi,  NB.  232. 

Ό^ι;άρΤ)7$.  Perhaps  variant  of  Όξάθρη^  (q.  v.); 
of.  Όξνάθρψ  (q.  v.). 

Όζνθρης,     See  Όζνάθρψ. 

Όζνρό-ης.      See  Χοσρόης. 

Ορζίνης,  Perhaps  hype,  form  based  upon  Av. 
varacah,  po^ver,  honor,  dignity,  Skt.  varcas  +  suflix 
(i)na. 


54  Gn^iico-PEiisiAN  ^^ames 

'OpoavSyjg,      See  'Οδόντας. 

^Ορόβαζος.  Anc.  Pers.  aura,  yod,  Ahura,  A  v. 
ahura,  Skt.  asura  +  Υ  A  v.  bazu,  arm,  Skt.  bahu;  hav- 
hig  Ahvra  as  his  arm  {might);  cf.  Μεγάβαζος  (q.  v.). 

Οροβάτγις.  Anc.  Pers.  aura,  god,  Ahura,  A  v. 
ahura,  Skt.  asura  +  pata,  PPfP.  of  Anc.  Pers.  pa,  to 
protect,  Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa;  god-protected,  Ahura-pro- 
tected. 

Όροι^δα/3άτ)7$.     Variant  of  '^Οροντοττάτψ  (q.  v.) 

^Opovhanavrrig,     Variant  of  Όροντοττάτι^ς  (q.  v.). 

^Ορον^άτγις,  A  fuller  form  would  doubtless  be 
^ΟρονΜάτψ.  Prius  YAv.  aurvat  (comp.),  shortened 
from  Aurvataspa,  fr.  aurvant,  sioift  (Middle  Pers. 
arvand),  Skt.  arvant  +  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (corap. ), 
horse,  YAv.  aspa  (New  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  agva;  possess- 
ing swift  horses,  Aurvataspa  (New  Pers.  Arvandasp), 
sun-god;  posterius  Anc.  Pers.  data,  PPfP.  of  da  (I. 
E.  *dd),  to  give,  Av.  da,  Skt.  da,  or  da  (I.  E.  *dhe), 
to  create,  A  v.  da,  Skt.  dha;  given  or  created  hy  Aur- 
vataspa, 

Όροϊ^Τας.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Av.  aurvant, 
sxoift,  (Middle  Pers.  arvand),  Skt.  arvant;   perhaps 

from  Όρονδάττ;?  (q.  Λ.)  or  ^Οροντοηάτης  (q.  V.). 

^Opovryjg.    See  'Οδόντας. 

^Οροντοηάγας,  Prius  Av.  aurvant,  sivift  (Middle 
Pers.  arvand),  Skt.  arvant;  Justi,  NB.  235,  suggests 


Gk^co-Persiax  Names  55 

a  connection  of  the  postevius  Avith  Skt.  pajas,  strength, 
or,  if  one  read  -πάλα?  for  -τταγας,  with  a  Avord  akin  to 
Gr.  πώλο5,  colt  (cf.  *Αρβονπάλης)',  but  it  would  Seem 
better  to  read  -πατάς  (with  Τ  instead  of  Γ),  making 
the  name  equivalent  to  "Όροντοττάτψ  (q.  v.). 

^Ορονταηάττις,  Υ  Αν.  aurvat  (comp,),  shortened 
from  Aurvataspa,  fr.  aurvant,  swi/t  (Middle  Pers. 
arvand),  Skt.  arvant  +  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.), 
/io?'se,  Av.  aspa  (New  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  agva;  possess- 
ing swift  horses,  Aur^oataspa  (New  Pers.  Arvandasp), 
sun-god;  posterius  Anc.  Pers.  pata,  PPfP.  of  pa,  to 
protect,  Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa;  protected  hy  Au7'vataspa. 

^Οροφέρν-ης,  Anc.  Pers.  aura,  god,  Ahura,  A  v. 
ahura,  Skt.  asura  -f  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp. ),  glory, 
fortune,  YAv.  x^arsnah;  luhose  glory  is  from  Ahura. 

Όρρ6>7$.     See  Όσρόψ. 

Ορσόβαρις,  Perhaps  from  Av.  varocah,  j^ower^ 
honor,  dignity,  Skt.  varcas  +  Anc.  Pers.  bara  (comp.), 
hearing,  sustaining,  fr.  bar,  to  hear,  Av.  bar,  Skt.  bhr. 

*0ρσοοάτ>7ς.  Prius  perhaps  A  v.  varacah,  poioer, 
honor,  dignity,  Skt.  varcas;  posterius  Anc.  Pers.  data, 
PPfP.  of  da  (I.  E.  *do),  to  give,  Av.  da,  Skt.  da,  or 
da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create,  A  v.  da,  Skt.  dha. 

Όρι;ά^δ>7ς.     See  Άρυάι/δτ^ς. 

Όρώ(5>7ς.     See  Ύρω^ψ. 

Όθ8οόης,    See  Όσ/οον. 


56  Gr^co-Persian  Names 

Οβρόης.    See  Χοσρόψ. 

Οτάγης,  Perhaps  Anc.  Pers.  u,  good^  well,  A  v. 
hu,  Skt.  su  +  YAv.  taka  (New  Pers.  tag),  running, 
course;  cf.  Justi,  NB.  236. 

^Οτάνης.  Anc.  Pers.  Utana:  U]ta[na  n]ama  ®ux- 
rah[y]a  [pu^'^a]  Parsa,  Otanes  hy  name,  the  son  of 
Thulchra,  a  Persian  (Bh.  4,  83,  84).  Perhaps  Anc. 
Pers.  u,  good,  Av.  hu,  Skt.  su  +  *tana,  extension, 
Skt.  tana;  having  good  posterity ;  cf.  Bthl.,  Wb.  1823. 

Ότάσπ>7$.  For  prius  Pott,  Et.  Forsch.  Π,  530, 
suggests  Av.  vata,  wi7id,  Skt.  vata;  Justi,  NB.  236, 
Anc.  Pers.  *huta,  Skt.  suta,  '^angetrieben''^'',  posterius 
Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp. ),  horse,  Av.  aspa  (New  Pers. 
asp),  Skt.  aQva. 

OihiaarYig,  Perhaps  Anc.  Pers.  *ujasta,  fr.  u, 
good,  well,  Av.  hu,  Skt.  su  +  *jasta,  PPfP.  of  jad, 
to  pray,  YAv.  jad  (PPfP.  jasta);  Uessed  (cf.  New 
Pers.  xujasta).  Bthl.,  Zum.  Wb.  161,  suggests  Anc. 
Pers.  *udyasta  (cf.  YAv.  yah,  to  gird),  or  *udyasta, 
fr.Anc.  Pers.  yad,  to  luorship,  YAv.  yaz. 

Οΰορώδ>7$.     See  *ΥρώΒης. 

Π 

JlapaavSyjg.  Justi,  NB.  244,  suggests  a  shortened 
(hype.)  form  of  *Parsandata,  fr.  *parsana,  battle,  Pahl. 
par§an  +  Anc.  Pers.  data,  PPfP.  of  da  (I.  E.  *dhe), 
to  create,  A  v.  da,  Skt.  dha;  or  perhaps  *par  savant. 


Ge^co-Persian  Names  57 

ΐίαρνσαης^-σάτις),  Anc.  Pers.  paru,  much^  Av. 
paru  +  Anc.  Pers.  siyati,  happiness^  YAv.  sati. 

ΥΙααάχγις,  Perhaps  hype,  form  connected  with 
New  Pers.  pas,  from  a  compound  such  as  *zairipaxsa, 
with  yellow  mane^  with  suffix  (a)ka;  cf .  Justi,  NB.  244. 

ΤΙατζάτης.  Possibly  hype,  form  based  upon  Av. 
paitizanta,  PPfP.  of  zan,  to  know^  Anc.  Pers.  dan, 
with  prefix  paiti. 

ΥΙατνιγνας.     Etymology  uncertain. 

Tlariζε'ώr^ς.  Etymology  uncertain.  Perhaps  a 
better  form  is  Τίατζάτψ  (q.  v. ) ;  cf .  Justi,  NB.  .519. 

Πατφά^α(|)/7$.  Justi,  NB.  507,  suggests  Anc.  Pers. 
patiy,  Av.  paiti  +  a  word  akin  to  Gr.  Λά/αττος;  r^- 
splendent;  cf.  in  form  YAv.  Paitidra^a. 

Τίετησάχης.  Justi,  NB.  509,  connects  the  prius 
with  Pahl.  patai,  permanent;  for  the  posterius  he 
posits  Anc.  Pers.  *saka,  strength,  Skt.  gaka;  cf .  Ba- 

yaadKYjs  (  q.  V.  ) . 

Ώ.ραξάστί'ης.  YAv.  paroska,  value,  price  +  Anc. 
Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  /wrse,  YAv.  aspa  (New  Pers.  asp), 
Skt.  agva. 

ΐΐροέζης,  Justi,  NB.  255,  posits  Av.  *frahax§a, 
''^der  aufmunternde^  e^'ziehende,^"^ 

ΠυράτΤί$.      See  Παρυσατι? 


58  Gr^co-Persian  Names 

Ρ 

Ύαβεζάχης.  Incorrect  reading  for  {®νγατί)ρα  Βα- 
ζάκον  (see  Βαζάκης)^  according  to  Justi,  NB.  256. 

'Ραδινής,     See  *Ραθίνψ. 

*Ραθίνης.  Hype,  form  based  upon  YAv.  ra^a, 
chariot^  Skt.  ratha,  with  suffix  (i)na. 

'FadovixYjg,  Variant  of  'Pa^tViys  (q.  v.)  with  the 
suffix  (i)ka. 

'?ανοσβάτ7;ς.  Perhaps  GAv.  Xdinei,  fighter^  war- 
rior ^  or  YAv.  rana,  cornhat  +  Anc.  Pers.*  spada 
(comp. ),  army^  GAv.  spada;  cf.  Anc.  Pers.  Taxma- 
spada,  possessing  an  army  of  heroes. 

'Ρβομίθργις,  Prius  perhaps  YAv.  rava,  (comp. ), 
rayu,  swift,  ready  (cf .  Pick,  Gr.  PN.  CXXXII;  Justi, 
NB.  260);  posterius  Anc.  Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  Mithra, 
Av.  Mi^ra,  Skt.  mitra. 

^νο^οβάχτ^ς.  Incorrect  reading  for  *Οροντο7Γάτΐ7? 
(q.  v.). 

Ύohoγovvη.  Anc.  Pers.  *rudra,  red,  Skt.  rudhira, 
Gr.  ipvOpos  (cf.  Justi,  NB.  183)  +  YAv.  gaona,  hair, 
color  (New  Pers.  gun);  having  red  hair  or  color. 

^FoLoaxyjg,    See  ''Ρωσάκψ. 

'Ρωδάσπ>7$.  Prius  perhaps  connected  with  Anc. 
Pers.  *rudra,  red,  Skt.  rudhira,  Gr.  ερυθρός  (cf.  Justi, 


Gk^co-Peksian  Names  59 

NB.  183);  posterius  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp. ),  horse^ 
Av.  aspa  (New  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  a^va;  having  red 
hoi'ses. 

*Ρω^άϊ^>7.     Fern,  form  of  'Ρω^άι/τ??  (q.  v.). 

Ρωξάνης,     Hype,  form  based  upon  YAv.  roaxsna, 

brilliant,  resplendent. 

Ρωττάρας.     Perhaps  same  as  Τωβρνας  (q,  v.). 

Fonapyjg.      See  'Ρωπάρας. 

Ρωσακης,     Hype,  form  based  perhaps  upon  YAv. 
raocah,  bright,  shilling,  with  suffix  (a)ka. 


^αθραβονζάνι^ς,  Anc.  Pers.  xsa^X  kingdom,  Av. 
xsa^a,  Skt.  ksatra  +  YAv.  bujyana,  participial  adj. 
fr.  buj,  to  release,  save;  Justi  interprets,  '^Befreiung, 
Erhaltung  des  Heiches  bewirhend^'^  but  compare  Mt^po- 
βονζάνψ  (q.  v.). 

ΣαΐΊ'αφάρνιης,  YAv.  saeta,  money,  wealth  +  Anc. 
Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glory,  fortune,  happiness,  YAv. 
x^'arsnah. 

XavSaxYj.  Perhaps  YAv.  Zanda  (etymology  doubt- 
ful; cf.  Bthl.,  Wb.  1662)  +  suffix  (a)ka. 

Χαν^ανχη.    Variant  of  ^ανΒάκη  (q.  v.). 

Έ,αρσάμας»  Perhaps  incorrect  reading  for  Άρσά/Λα? 
(q.  v.). 


60  Gr^co-Peksian  Names 

Ι,ατάσηης.  Anc.  Pers.  ^ata  (comp.),  hundred^ 
YAv.  sata,  Skt.  gata  +  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.), 
horse,  Av.  aspa  (New  Pers.  asp),  Skt.  a^va;  possess- 
ing a  hundred  horses;  cf.  Anc.  Pers.  ©atagu,  Satta- 
gydia,  possessing  a  hundred  cattle  (Tolman,  Lex.  and 
Texts,  95). 

Σατι/3άρα$.  Anc.  Pers.  siyati,  well-heing,  happi- 
ness^ YAv.  sati  +  Anc.  Pers.  bar  a  (comp.),  hearing^ 
bringing,  fr.  bar,  to  hear,  Av.  bar,  Skt.  bhr;  bringing 
well-being,  happiness. 

Έ,αηβαγζάνγις.  Anc.  Pers.  siyati,  well-being, 
happiness,  YAv.  sati  +  YAv.  νθΓθζ  (comp. ),  causing, 
producing  +  suffix  (a)na;  causing  well-being,  happi- 
ness. 

Χαπφερνης,  Anc.  Pers.  siyati,  well-being,  happi- 
ness, YAv.  sati  +  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glory, 
fortune,  YAv.  x^'aranah. 

Χατραβάτης.  Anc.  Pers.  xsa^^'a,  lordship,  king- 
dom, Av.  xsa^a,  Skt.  ksatra  +  pata,  PPfP.  of  Anc. 
Pers.  pa,  to  protect,  Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa. 

ΈαΤρΟΤίάηης,      See  ^ατραβάτης. 

Χείράμνγ;ς,  Perhaps  YAv.  cirya  (New  Pers.  cira), 
€xcelle7it,  efficient  +  Anc.  Pers.  manis  (comp. ),  mind^ 
Av.  manah. 

Έ,είβάμγις.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of  :ίισιμάκψ 
(q.  V. ) ;  or  reduplication,  cf .  YAv.     ^amnah,  care. 


Ge^co-Persian  Names  61 

Χεχνν^ιανός,    In  Ktes.  for  SoyStai/os  (q.  v.). 

Σίρομίτρης,  Prius  doubtful;  connected  by  Justi, 
NB.  303,  with  Armen.  ser,  loving^  dear;  posterius 
Anc.  Pers.  Mi^ra,  the  god  Mithra^  Av.  Mi^a,  Skt. 
mitra;  to  whom  Mithra  is  dem\  Mithra-loving. 

'Χίααμάκης,     See  %σίμ<ίκης. 

Χίοάμνης,  Prius  doubtful;  posterius  Anc.  Pers. 
manis  (comp.),  ini7id^  A  v.  manah. 

ΣίΟιμάκης,  Hype,  form  of  ^ισυμίθρης  (q.  v.);  first 
letter  of  posterius  retained  and  suffix  (a)ka  added. 

Χίαΐμίθρης,      See  ^ουσαμίθρης. 

Έ,μερ^ις.     See  MapSos. 

Σμερ^ομενης,  Anc.  Pers.  *bard,  Mgh^  lofty ^  YAv. 
baroz,  baraz  (cf.  S/xepSts)  +  Anc.  Pers.  manis  (comp.), 
mind^  Av.  manah;  hamng  a  lofty  mind. 


Έ,ογ^ανός.     Same  as  2όγδιος  (q.  v.)  -f  suffix  (a] 


na. 


Έ,όγ^ως,  Anc.  Pers.  *Sugudiya,  Sogdlanian^  fr. 
Anc.  Pers.  Suguda,  Sogdiana^  YAv.  Suy3a  +  suffix 
(a)iya. 

'Ζονσαμίθρ'ης.  Prius  doubtful;  posterius  Anc. 
Pers.  Mi^a,  the  god  Mithra,  Av.  Mi^ra,  Skt.  mitra. 

Έ,ηαμίτργις,     Variant  of  ^Ασπαμίτρης  (q.  v.). 

Χτίίθάμης,     Variant  of  "^τηταμας  (q.  v). 


62  Gb^co-Persian  Xames 

XmOpa^aryjg,  Prius  perhaps  Anc.  Pers.  *spi^''a, 
heaven  (New  Pers.  sipihr);  cf.  New  Pers.  Mihr  <  Anc. 
Pers.  Mi^ra,  New  Pers.  cihr  <  Anc.  Pers.  ci^^'a  (cf. 
Justi,  NB.  310);  posterius  Anc.  Pers.  data,  PPfP.  of 
da  (I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create^  A  v.  da,  Skt.  dha,  or  da  (I. 
E.  *do),  to  give^  Av.  da,  Skt.  da. 

27tt^ptiar>7$.     Variant  of  ^τηθρα^άτψ  (q.  v.). 

Έ^ταθροβάτης.  Perhaps  a  corruption  of  "^^τηθραΒάτψ 
(q.  v.),  bat  the  posterius  may  be  Anc.  Pers.  pata, 
PPfP.  of  pa,  to  protect,  Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa. 

Έ,ηΐ'Ταμάς,  A  v.  Spitama.  Hype,  form  of  ^τητα- 
μ€νψ  (q.  V. ),  with  retention  of  the  first  letter  of  pos- 
terius (cf.  Justi,  NB.  309). 

Στίίταμενης,  YAv.  spita  (comp.),  white  +  Anc. 
Pers.  manis  (comp.),  Av.  manah;  perhaps  clear- 
minded  (cf.  spitid5i^a,  dear-eijed),  Justi,  NB.  310, 
"m^^  weissem  (reinem)  Sinne.^'^ 

Xnlryjg,     Hype,    form   based   upon   YAv.    spita, 

white;   cf.  '^τηταμας  (q.  V.). 

Ί,ταβάκης,  Hype,  form  based  perhaps  upon  YAv. 
stavah  (comp.),  strength  +  suffix  (a)ka. 

Έ^ταβροβά^ης,  Perhaps  YAv.  staora,  horse,  least 
ofhurden  -\-  Av.  paiti,  lord,  master;  cf.  Justi,  NB. 
311. 

Στά/)7$.  Justi,  NB.  311,  connects  with  New 
Pers.  sitay,  colt,  steed;  ending  seems  to  be  hype, 
suffix  a. 


Gr^co-Persian  Names  63 

Ιπτάμενης,  May  be  a  corruption  of  ^τηταμίνης 
(q.  v.). 

Έ,φεντα^άτης,  YAv.  SpantoSata  =  spantodSta,  fr. 
Av.  spanta,  holy  +  Anc.  Pers.  data,  PPfP.  of  da  ( I. 
E.  *dhe),  to  create,  Av.  da,  Skt.  dha,  or  da  (I.  E.  *do), 
to  give,  Av.  da,  Skt.  da. 


Τά/3αλος.     Cf.  Τα^ου'λτ/ς  (q.  v.);  Pott,  ZDM(3.  13, 

389. 

Ύαβονλης.  Perhaps  YAv.  tavah,  power,  Skt. 
tavas  +  Anc.  Pers.  *ula  (cf.  Φερανλψ  (q.  v.)  and 
Justi,  NB.  487),  desire. 

Ύάγγις.  Perhaps  variant  of  'Ζτάγηζ  (q.  v.),  but 
may  be  connected  with  YAv.  tak,  to  run  (Middle 
Pers.  tak,  New  Pers.  tag),  perhaps  with  the  meaning 
sicift;  cf.  Justi,  NB.  318,  513. 

Tavao^apyjg,     Variant  of  Ύαννο^άρκψ  (q.  v.). 

Ύανυοξάρκης,  A  v.  tanu  (New  Pers.  tan),  body, 
Skt.  tanu  +  Anc.  Pers.  vazarka,  great  (Turf an  MSS. 
vazurg,  New  Pers.  buzurg) ;  great  in  body.  Cf .  Tol- 
man.  Lex.  and  Texts,  124. 

ΊαΟίφερνης,     Corruption  of  "^ατίφίρνης  (q.  v.). 

Τεάστίίζ.     See  TciWi;?. 

Ύειρεως,     See  Τφαΐος. 


64  Gb^co-Persian  Names 

Ίειρίβάζον  (gen.).     See  Ύφφαζο<:. 

Ίείαηγις,  Anc.  Pers.  Cispi  or  Caispi  (Bh.  a,  8  et 
passim).     Etymology  uncertain. 

Ύεριτονχμης,  Anc.  Pers.  *Tira,  the  god  Tij^a  (of. 
YAv.  Tironaka^va)  +  Anc.  Pers.  tauma,  family^ 
YAv.  taoxman,  seed,  Skt.  tokman;  oftheseedofTlra; 

of.  Μίθρατωχμ,ψ  (q.  V.). 

Ύγ^ρίβαζος,     See  Ύφίβαζο^. 

Ύγιρώάηης,     See  ΎφιΒάτψ. 

Ύίγραηάτης.  YAv.  tiyri,  ar7^ow  +  Av.  paiti,  mas- 
ter, Skt.  pati;  maste?'  of  arrmcs. 

Τίθραϊ;στ>7ς.  Anc.  Pers.  ci^'a,  lineage,  Av.  ci^a, 
Skt.  citra  +  Anc.  Pers.  *vahista,  lest,  Av.  vahista, 
superl.  of  Anc.  Pers.  va(h)u  (comp.),  A  v.  vanhu, 
good;  hest  m  lineage. 

ΎίραΙος.  Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers.  *Tira, 
the  god  Tira  (cf.  YAv.  Tironaka^va),  +  suffix  (a)iya; 
perhaps  from  Ύίρίβαζος  (q.  v.)  or  ΎιρίΒάτψ  (q.  v.). 

Ίίρίβαζος,  Anc.  Pers.  *Tira,  the  god  Tira  (cf. 
YAv.  Tironaka^va)  +  YAv.  bazu,  arm,  Skt.  bahu; 
having  Tira  as  his  arm  {strength), 

Τίρίδάτ>7ς.  Anc.  Pers.  Tira,  the  god  Tira  (cf. 
YAv.  Tironaka^va)  +  Anc.  Pers.  data,  PPfP.  of  da 
(I.  E.  *dhe),  to  create,  A  v.  da,  Skt.  dha,  or  da  (I.  E. 
*d5),  to  give,  A  v.  da,  Skt.  da;  Tlra-created  or  Tirar- 
given. 


Gr^co-Persian  Names  65 

Ύιρνάσηης.    Variant  of  ΤνριάστΓψ  (q.  v.). 

Ύισσαφερνης,  Anc.  Pers.  ci^'^a,  lineage^  Av.  οίθτΛ, 
Skt.  citra  +  -A.nc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glan/^  Υ  A  v. 
x^'arsnah;  whose  glo?y  is  in  his  lineage, 

ΎρίΤαίχμης,     See  Ίρίτανταίχμψ. 

Ύριτανταίχμης.  Anc.  Pers.  Ci^'a^taxma  (Bh.  2, 
79).  Anc.  Pers.  ci^'*a  (perhaps  ace.)  lineage,  race, 
Av.  ci^a,  Skt.  citra  +  Anc.  Pers.  *taxma,  strong, 
brave,  A  v.  taxma  (cf.  Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  88; 
Justi,  NB.  164). 

Ύνρίάσηης.  YAv.  Tuirya,  Turanian  +  Anc.  Pers. 
aspa  (comp.),  horse,  YAv.  aspa,  Skt.  agva;  having 
Turanian  horses;  ci,Yt  17,  55:  TvLTSL  .  .  .  asuaspa, 
the  Tura7iians  with  swift  hx)rses. 


Ta7ta'r>7$.  Perhaps  Av.  *x''apaiti,  self -master 
(cf.  Justi,  NB.  131). 

^Ύhάί^vr^ς,  Anc.  Pers.  Vidarna:  Vi]darna  nama 
Parsa  mana  ba°daka  avamsam  ma^istam  akunavam, 
Hydarnes  hy  name,  a  Persian,  my  suhject,  him  I  made 
chief  of  them  (Bh.  2, 19,  20).  Ace.  to  Justi,  NB.  491, 
Anc.  Pers.  *vidarna,  fr.  viy,  away  +  dar,  to  hold; 
support,  security;  cf .  A  v.  vi-dar,  to  support,  hold  se- 
cure, and  YAv.  darana,  fortification»  Bthl.,  Wb. 
1443,  suggests  possible  connection  with  Skt.  vidirna, 
rent  asunder. 


66  Ge^co-Peesian  Names 

*Ύ^άσηης,  Perhaps  YAv.  hu-Sata,  well-made^ 
well-fortned  +  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse^  Av. 
aspa,  Skt.  a^va;  having  well-fomned  horses;  cf .  Justi, 
NB.  131. 

'Ύμαίης,  Αν.  hu-maya,  rich  in  blessings;  cf .  YAv» 
Humaya,  daughter  of  Hystaspes. 

'Τμεης,     See  Ύμαίψ, 

'Τροίάδ>7$.  Perhaps  of  same  origin  as  Ύρώδι;^ 
(q.  v.). 

*Τρώδ>7$.  YAv.  hu-rao8a,  having  a  heautiful  fomx^ 
appearance, 

^Ύα^αίχμας,  Justi,  NB.  371,  reconstructs  the 
original  form  as  *Vistaxma;  prius  Anc.  Pers.  viy, 
apart,  away,  A  v.  νϊ,  Skt.  vi;  the  poster  ins  he  con- 
nects with  Pahl.  stahmak,  New  Pers.  sitam,  power; 
having  wide-extended powe?\ 

'Ύύ'νάνης»  Anc.  Pers.  u,  good,  A  v.  hu,  Skt.  su 
+  Anc.  Pers.  stana.,  place,  location  (Nevf  Fers.  -stan), 
Skt.  sthana;  having  a  good  place,  location;  cf .  Justi, 
NB.  372,  512. 

'Τστάσ7ί>7$.  Anc.  Pers.  Vistaspa;  ^atiy  DSraya- 
vaus  xsaya^iya  man^  pita  V'st^spa,  says  Darius  tlie 
Idng,  my  father  (is)  Uysta^es  (Bh.  1, 3, 4).  Anc.  Pers. 
*vista  (Middle  Pers.  visa3ak),  depressed  (viy  +  had,  to 
sit,  settle  down;  cf .  Skt.  vi  +  sad,  to  sink,  despond)  + 
Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.),  horse,  YAv.  aspa  (New 
Pers.  asp),  Skt.  agva;  having  epi/i^iUesa  horses;  cf, 
Tolman,  Lex.  and  Texts,  127. 


Ge^co-Peesian  Names  67 

Φ 

Φαρα5ασ^ε^57$.  Etymology  of  priiis  not  clear; 
posterius  apparently  Anc.  Pers.  mani§  (comp.),  mind,, 
Ay.  manah. 

ΦaΫavhάχγις.     Hype,  form  of  Φαρανδάττ;?  (q.  v.). 

Φα^αν^άτγίζ.  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glory ,, 
fortune^  Υ  A  v.  x^arsnah  +  Anc.  Pers.  data,  PPfP.  of 
da  (I.  E.  *d5),  to  give,,  Av.  da,  Skt.  da. 

Φαρασ^ίάΐ^>7ζ.      See  ΦαραΖασμ,ίνη^. 

Φάρζ'ιρις.  According  to  Strabo,  785,  another  form 
for  Παρυσατΐ9  (q.  V.);  but  according  to  others,  of  Bab- 
ylonian origin  (cf.  Justi,  NB.  98). 

Φα^ίΰ μάνΥΐς,      See  Φαρασμάνη^, 

Φαρνάβαζος.  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glory^ 
fortune,  YAv.  x'^aranah  +  YAv.  bSzu,  arm,  Skt. 
bahn. 

Φαρναζάθργ^ς,  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glort/, 
Jvrtun€y  YAv.  x'^arsnah  (a  sort  of  halo  which  sur- 
rounded legitimate  kings,  but  which  refused  to  be 
seized  by  usurpers)  +  Anc.  Pers.  xsa^^'a,  lordMp, 
kingdom,  A  v.  xsa^ra;  possessing  the  hmgdxyirh  hecause 
of  his  ^^farnaL•'^^ 

ΦαρνάχΎΐ,    See  Φαρνάκτρ, 

Φαρνάκης,    Hype,  form  based  upon  Anc.  Pers. 


68  Gb-eco-Peesian  Names 

farnah  (com p.),  glo7'y^  fortune^  YAv.  x^ardnah,  with 
suffix  (a)ka. 

Φάρνακος.      See  Φαρνάκης. 

Φαρναχνα^.  Perhaps  same  as  Φαρνάκης  (q.  v.), 
with  re-formation  of  suffix  (a)ka. 

Φαρναηάηης,  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glory, 
fortune,  YAv.  x^arenah  (a  sort  of  halo  which  sur- 
rounded legitimate  kings,  but  which  refused  to  be 
seized  by  usurpers;  also  personified  as  a  divinity, 
FarnaK)  +  Anc.  Pers.  pSta,  PPfP.  of  pa,  to  protect, 
Av.  pa,  Skt.  pa;  Cf.  Φα.ρα\ζάΒρ•ης  (q.  v.). 

ΦαρνάστίΥΐς,  Anc,  Pers.  farnah  (conip.),  glory, 
fortune,  YAv.  x^aranah  +  Anc.  Pers.  aspa  (comp.), 
horse,  YAv.  aspa,  Skt.  a^va. 

Φαρνόζαρθος»  Same  as  Φαρναζάθρης  (q.  v.),  with 
metathesis  of  0  and  p, 

Φαρνονχγις,  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glory, 
fortune,  YAv.  x'^arsnah  +  suffix  (u)ka  (uxa,  Justi, 
NB.  94);  hype,  form,  as  Φαρνάκψ  (q.  v.). 

Φ<χρνοϋχος,    See  Φαρνονχψ, 

..Φάραΐγΐς,&Β^Φάρζφκ,  _ 

φ£ραύλ)7ς.  Cf .  New  Pers.  farrah,  x^'arrah,  Middle 
Pers.  x^'arrah,  glory  (cf.  far  in  Anc.  Pers.  farnah); 
for  posterius  Justi,  NB.  487,  posits  Anc.  Pers.  *ula, 
desire,  . 


Οβλοο-Ρεκθιαν  Names  69 

Φερεν^άτης.    See  Φαρανδάη/?. 

ΦραάΤ37ς.  Justi,  ΝΒ.  101,  494,  posits  Anc.  Pers. 
*frahata,  ^^verstdndig^''  (Pahl.  frahat,  New  Pers.  ferhad). 

Φρανιχάτγις*     Corruption  of  Φαρναπάτης  (q.  \.). 

Φραόρτης.  Anc.  Pers.  Fravarti:  avada  hauv  Fra- 
vartis  hya  Madaiy  xsaya^iya  agaubata  ais  had[a]  kara 
patis  mam  hamaranam  cartanaiy,  here  this  Phraortes 
who  called  himself  king  in  Media  went  with  his  army 
against  me  to  engage  in  hattle  (Bh.  2,  ^^^  67).  Anc. 
Pers.  *fravarti,  A  v.  fravasi,  the  imniortal  element  of 
the  heliever  which  existed  hefore  and  after  his  hlrth 
and  was  his  giiardian  during  life;  doubtless  a  hype, 
form  of  a  double-stem  name  containing  this  word. 
For  Av.  s  corresponding  to  Anc.  Pers.  rt,  cf .  asa  = 
arta,  asi  =  art!,  and  masya  ===  martiya. 

Φρασαόρτ>7ς.  Υ  A  v.  Frashamvarsta.  According 
to  Justi,  NB.  104,  the  name  is  formed  from  hamva- 
rdti,  the  {male)  protecting  power^  which  was  personi- 
fied and  worshiped;  Bthl.,  Wb.  1010,  gives  reading 
and  etymology  as  doubtful. 

Φραταγονντι.  Probably  Anc.  Pers.  *frata,  fire 
(Armen.  hrat;  cf .  *frata  in  Φραταφίρνψ)  -|-  YAv.  gaona, 
hai7\  color  of  hair,  color. 

Φραταφέρνης,  Prius  connected  by  Justi,  NB. 
105,  with  Anc.  Pers.  *fia.ta.,fire  (Armen.  hrat);  poste- 
rius  Anc.  Pers.  farnah  (comp.),  glo7yj  splendor,  YAv. 
x^'aronah. 


70  Gk^co-Persian  Names 

Φριαηίτης.  Αν.  *fiy  ecpitax,fathe7'4oving^  fr.  A  v. 
fry  a,  dear^  Skt.  priya  +  Av.  i^itoXy  father^  Anc.  Pers. 
pitar,  Skt.  pitar;  according  to  Justi,  NB.  106,  a  trans- 
lation of  the  epithet  φιλοττάτωρ  of  Seleucus  IV. 

X 

Χ,οάατίΥΐς,  Anc.  Pers.  uvaspa,  fr.  Anc.  Pers.  u, 
good,  beautiful,  Av.  hu,  x^'a,  Skt.  su  +  Anc.  Pers. 
aspa  (comp.),  horse,  Υ  A  v.  aspa,  Skt.  agva;  possessing 
good  or  beautiful  hm^scs, 

Χοσρό>7$.  YAv.  Haosravah;  according  to  Bthl., 
Wb.  1738,  derived  probably  from  husravah,  having 
a  good  reputation^  renovmed, 

Χρι;σάντ>7ς.  YAv.  xrvi§yant,  grim,  bloodthirsty 
(ci.  Justi,  NB.  173). 

η 

^ζίιαάμγις.    Perhaps  corruption  of  ^Αρσάμη^  (q.  v.). 

'Ώ.μίΟος.  Anc.  Pers.  Vaumisa,  Bh.  2,  49,  51,  62 
et  passim,  Anc.  Pers.  va(h)u  (comp.),  good,  Av. 
vanhu,  vohu  (comp.);  posterius  misa,  would  seem  to 
indicate  the  pronunciation  of  θ^  in  Anc.  Pers.  *Mid'"a, 
Elam.  Mi-is-sa,  written  M^^a  in  inscriptions  of  Art. 
Pers.  and  Art.  Sus.  and  M*tra  in  Art.  Ham.,  the  god 
Mithra;  cf.  Meillet,  Gram.  105-107;  also  Άσιδότι;? 
(q.  V.)  and  Ύίσσαφ^ρνψ  (q.  v.). 

^Ω,ζος.  From  YAv.  huvaxSa,  good  growth,  pros- 
perity. 


Gr^co-Persian  Names  71 

'Ω.ρομάζ'ης.  Anc.  Pers.  Auramazdah.  Anc.  Pers. 
aura,  lord,  Av.  ahura,  Skt.  asura  +  Av.  Mazdah, 
name  of  the  supreme  god,  mindful,  knmiy'mg  all  (cf. 
Av.  mazda,  to  hold  in  mind,  remenxber);  the  lord  om- 
niscient. 

^X^b'    Anc.  Pers.  Vahauka,  Bh.  4,  86;  etymology 
uncertain. 


PHONOLOGY 

Below  are  given  the  results  of  an  investigation  into 
the  method  employed  in  representing  the  Ancient 
Persian  characters  or  sounds  by  Greek  letters.  It  is 
easy  to  observe  that  the  Greeks  allowed  themselves 
such  great  freedom  in  transliterating  Persian  names 
that  it  can  hardly  be  said  that  any  phonetic  method 
is  followed.  For  a  fuller  discussion  of  the  various 
problems  involved  in  this  subject  see  General  Discus- 
sion, §§2ff. 


a  >  α — e,  g.,  Άχαψίνψ  (Haxamanis),  ^Αρταφέρνη?  (arta 
+  farnah),  Βαγαττάτης  (baga  -f  pata). 

a  >  € — e,  g,^  ΜεγαφΙρνψ  (baga  +  farnah),  'Αριαμένψ 
(Ariya  +  manis),  Μ^γαβάρης  (baga  +  bara). 

a    >    ο — e»   g.,    ΑνρομάσΒης    (Autamazdah),    ^Αριοφάρνψ 

(Ariya  +  farnah),  Μιτροβάτης  (Mi^ra  +  pata). 
a  >  t — e,  g.,  ΜιθριΒάτηζ  (Mi^a  +  data),  Νιφάτι;?  (napat 

-|-  a),  Άρσήυια?  (aisan  +  *ama). 
a  >  ω — e,  ^.,  Βαγωδαρι^ναν  (baga  +  ^dat^na). 
a"  >  av — e.  g.,  Ίριτανταίχμης  (Cl^'a^taxma). 
a"  >  αμ — e.  g.,  Ka/M/JvViy?  (Ka^bujiya). 
ay  >  ι — e,  g.^  Άρτα^ία?  (arta  +  xsaya). 
aya  >  € — e.  g.^  Έίρζψ  (Xsayarsan). 
ayav  >  «<u  or  €t  in  Aapetatos,  Aapcto?  (Dirayavau), 

^Avestan. 

(72) 


Phonology  73 


a  >  a—e.  g.^  ΆσιΒάτψ  {8ίθη  +  data),  ΜεγαΒάτης  (baga 

+  data),  Ότάνψ  (Utana). 
a  >  at — e.  g,^  *Αχαίμ€νψ  (Haxamanis),  Μαιφάτψ  (mah 

+  pata). 
a  >  η — e.  g.^  Μ^δο?  (Mada). 
a  >  ο  (?) — e.  g.^  Άβροκόμας  (aura  +  kama  ?). 

I 

i  >  i—e.  ^.,  Μεγασι'δρας  (baga  +  ci^''a),  Μασίστης  (ma- 

^ista),  ΜίθραΒάτψ  (Mi^ra  +  data), 
iy  (graphic)  >  t — e.  g.,  Άρωφάρνης  (Ariya  +  farnah), 

^ΑρίάστΓψ  (Ariya  +  aspa),  ΜαρΒόνως  (Marduniya). 
Syncope  of  iy  (graphic) — e.  g.,  'Χαηφερνψ  (siyati  + 

farnah),  Παρΰσατι?  (paru  +  siyati). 
i  >  η — e.  g.,  Μηθραφίρνψ  (Mi^ra  +  farnah). 
i^  >  IV — e,  g.^  Ίνταφέρνης  (ViMafamah). 


Ϊ  >  i—e.  g.,  ΆρταβίΒψ  (arta  +  *vid),  Ttpatos  (*Tira  4- 

(a)iya),  Ύφώάτψ  (*Tira  -|-  data). 
Ϊ  >  η—e.  g.,  Τηρίβαζοζ  (*Tira  +  ^bazu),  ΎηριΒάτψ  (*Tira 

+  data). 
i  >  €i—e.  g.,  Τ€ΐρ€ω5  (*Tira  +  (a)iya),  Ύεφφάζον  (*Tira 

+  ^bazu). 
ϊ  >  € — e.  g.^  Ύερίτονχμης  (*Tira  +  tauma). 

U 

u  >  ο — e,  g.,  Μαρδόηο?  (Marduniya),  ΜεγαΒόστψ  (baga 
+  *dusta),  ^Οτάνψ  (Utana). 


^Ayestan. 


74  Phonology 

U  >  υ — e.  g.^   Μίγάβνζος  (baga   +    *buxsa),   Παρυσατις 

(paru  +  siyati). 

U  >  α — e.    g.^    Άμόργης    (u    +    *inarga),  "Αμνης    (u    4" 

%aiti). 
u  >  ov — e.  g.,  *Αδοΰσιο9  (a  +  dus),  ΟυΒιάστψ  (*ujasta). 
u  >  €—e.  g.,  Έ^άθρψ  (u  +  xsa(9^a). 
uv  >  Kv — e.  g.^  Κνα^άρψ  (Uvaxstra). 
uv  (graphic)  >  υ — e.  g.y  Τοφρυας  (Gaubruva). 

ϋ 

ΰ  >  ν — e.  g.,  *Αρτασνραζ  (arta  +  ^ura),  Καμβνση':  (Ka"- 

bujiya). 

ΰ  >  ου — e.  g. ,  Ά/οτασου/oas  (arta  +  0Ura),  Βονβάκης  (*bti 

+  ^baga),  Βονβάρψ  (*bu  +  bara). 

Au 

au  >  ο — e,  g.,  Κομάτψ  (Gaumata),  ^Οροβάτψ  (aura  -f 
pata),  ^Οροφξρνης  (aura  +  farnah). 

au    >   αυ — e.   g.^   ΑνρομάσΒψ   (Auramazdah),    Αντοβάρη^ 

(*auta  +  bara). 

au  >  αβ—e.  g.,  Άβροκόμας  (aUTa  +  kama  ?),  ^ΑβραΒάτας 

(aura  +  data). 
au  >  ω — e.  g.,  "Αρτωνυς  (*artauni),  'ίϊρομάζψ  (Aura- 
mazdah). 


k  >  κ — e.  g.^  ^Αρσάκης  (Arsaka),  Φαρνάκης  (farnah  + 

(a)ka),  Καμβνσψ  (Ka°bujiya). 
k  >  γ — e.  g.^  ^ΙαΒιγίρΒης  (^yazata  +  karta). 
k  >  X — e.  ρ'.,'Ωχο9  (Vahauka). 

^Avestan. 


Phonology  75 

Χ,  Xs 

χ  >  χ — e.  g.^  Άχαι/Μίντ;?  (Haxamanis),  Ίριτανταίχμψ  (Ci- 

e'-a^taxma). 
χδ  >  ^ — e.  g.^  *Αρτα|ια5  (arta  +  xsaya),  ^Αρταξ€ρζψ 
(Artaxsa^^'a),  Έίρξης  (Xsayarsan). 

χδ  >  σ — e.  g.,  ^αθραβονζάνης  (xsa^'^a  +  ^bujyana),  2ατρα- 

βάτης  (xsa^'^a  +  pata). 

xs  >  ζ — e.  g.,  Μί-γάβνζος  (baga  +  *buxsa),  Φαρναζάθρψ 

(farnah  +  xsa^''a). 


g  >  y — e,  g.,  ^Αμόργης  (u  +  *niarga),  Βαγαττάττ/ς  (baga 

+  pata),  ΜεγαΒάτης  (baga  +  data), 
g  >  κ — e.  g.y  Κομάτης  (Gaumata). 


C  >  r—e.  g.,  Τείσπης  (Cispi),  Τισσαφέρνης  (ci^'"a  +  far- 
nah), Ύριτανταίχμψ  (Ci^'"a"taxma). 
c  >  Θ — e.  g.y  ^Ασναθίνης  (Aspacanah). 
c  >  σ — e,  g.y  ΜεγασίΒρας  (baga  +  ci^^'a). 

J 

j  >  σ — e,  g.y  Καμβνσψ  (Ka"bujiya). 
j  >  δ*(?) — e.  g.y  ΟυΒίάστης  {xL  +  *jasta). 


t  >  τ — e.  g.y   ^Αρταφέρνης   (arta   +   farnah),    Βαγανάτη^ 

(baga  +  pata),  ΜίθραΒάτης  (Mi^a  +  data). 
Syncope  of  t — e.  g.y  Κναζάρης  (Uvaxstra). 

^Avestan. 


76  Phonology 

Θ 

e  >  ο — e,  g.^  ^Κρμχιμ,ίθρψ  (^arma  +  Mi^a),  Μι^ραδάητ? 
(Mi^ra  +  data),  ΜιθραφΙρνη^  (Mi^a  +  farnah). 

θ  >  τ — e.  g.,  ^Ασπαμίτρης  (aspa  +  Mi^a,  Mitra),  MiT/jo- 

βάτψ  (Mi^ra,  Mitra  +  pata),  Μιτραφίρνη^  (Miftra, 
Mitra  +  farnah). 
θ  >  σ — e.  g.y  Άρτασν/οας  (arta  +  ^ura),  Μασίστψ  (mad- 
ista),  2ατάσ7Γϊ79  (^ata  +  aspa), 

Θ'" 

θ^  >  θρ—e.  g.,  Ό$άθρψ  (u  +  xsa^'a),  Φαρναζάθρψ  (far- 
nah +  xsa^'"a). 

β""    >    rp — e.   g.y   ^ΚτραΙάτψ   (a^^   +   data),    "Χατραβάτης 

(xsa^^'a  +  pata). 
β'  >  Sp — e.  g.,  ΜεγασίΒρας  (baga  +  ci^'a). 
βτ  >  ο•— ^.  ^.,  Άσιδάττ^ς  (a^^-l  +  data). 

θ""  >  σσ — e,  p'.,  Τισσαφέρνης  {οίθ'^βί  +  farnah). 

^'^  >  pi  (by  attraction) — e,  g.,  *Αρταξ€ρξψ  (arta  + 
xsa^'^a). 

D 

d  >  δ — e.  g.y  Μαρδόνιος  (Mardunlya),  Μίγαδάττ;?  (baga 
+  data),  Μ€γαδόστϊ75  (baga  +  *dusta). 

d  >  ζ — e,  g.,  *Αρωβαρζάνψ  (Ariya  +  vardana),  Βαρζάνης 
(vardana),  Μιθροβαρζάνης  (Mi^a  4-  vardana). 

d  >  τ — e,  g,y  "ΊνταφΙρνης  (ViMafarnah). 

Ν 

η  >  ν — e.  17.,  'Axai/xeVi7?(Haxamani§),  Άριοφάρη;?  (Ariya 
+  farnah),  *ΑσΐΓαΘίνψ  (Aspacanah). 

'Avestan. 


Phonolooy  77 

Ρ 

ρ  >  IT — e.  g.,  ^ΑρίάστΓψ  (Ariya  -f-  aspa),  Βαγαπάτψ  (baga 
+  pita),  Παρΰσατι?  (paru  +  siyati). 

ρ  >  β — e.  g. ,  Μίγαβάτης  (baga  +  pata),  ^Οροβάτης  (aura 
+  pata),  '^^τραβάτψ  (xsa^^'a  +  pata). 

ρ  >  Φ — e.  g.,  Μαίφάτης  (mah  +  pata),  Νιφάτι;?  (napat 

+  a). 

F 

f  >  φ — e,  ^.,  *Αρίοφάρνψ  (Ariya  +  farnah),  *1νταφ€ρν7μ 
(Vi°dafarnah),  Φραόρτψ  (Fravarti). 

f  >   β—β.  (/.,  Bapvci^a^os  (famah  +  ^bazn),  Μ€γαβ€ρνψ 

(baga  +  farnah). 

Β 
b  >  β — e.  <7.,  'λρταβάρω^  (arta  +  bar  a),  Βαγαπάτψ  (baga 

+  pata),  Μεγάβνζος  (Bagabuxsa). 
b  >  μ — e.  g.,  ΜάρΒος  (Bardiya),  ΜΐγαΒάτψ  (baga  + 

data),  ΜεγασίΒρας  (baga  +  ci^^'a). 
b  >  σ/χ — e.  .^.,  2/A€pSts  (Bardiya),  %μ.(.ρΖομ.ίνψ  (*bard  + 

manis).     For  prothetic  σ  see  Kretschmer,  KZ. 

29,  440. 

Μ 
m  >  μ.—€,  g.^  ^Αχαιμίνης  (Haxamanis),  Μαδάτα?  (mah  + 

data),  Ώρομάζψ  (Auramazdah). 

V 

V  >  β—β.  </.,  ^Αρωβαρζάνψ  (Ariya  +  vardana),  Άρτα- 
βί8ψ  (arta  +  *vid),  Μιβροβαρζάνψ  (Mi^ra  +  var- 
dana). 

Syocop,e.  of  y— 6,  .^.,  Γω/3ρΰα5  (Gaubruya). 

Aphseresis  of  ν — β.  </.,  'iSepviys  (Vidarna),  Ίνταφψνης 
(ViMafarnah). 


»Avestan« 


78  Phonology 

vi  >  V — e,  g.,  ΎΒάρνψ  (Vidarna),  Ύστάσττης  (ViStfispa). 

va  >  ο — e.  ρ.,  Φραόρτψ  (Fravarti). 

va(h)u  >  ω — e.  ρ.^'Ώμίσος  (Vaumisa). 

va(h)u  >  ο  ('i)—e.  ρ.,'Όβορζος  (va(h)u  ?  +  ^barozan). 

va(h)u  >  ot  (?) — e,  g.^  ΟΙβάρψ  (va(h)u  ?  +  bara). 

va(h)u  >  oLo  (?)— 6!.  g.,  ΟΙόβαζος  (va(h)u  ?  +  ^bazu). 

vahau  >  ω — e.  g.^  Ώχος  (Vahauka). 

R 

Γ  >  p — e.  g.^  ^Αριοφάρνης  (Ariya  +  farnah),  ^Οροβάτψ 

(aura  +  pata),  ^Αρταβάρω^  (arta  +  bara). 
r  >  λ — e,  g.y  ^Ολοψζρνης  (aura  +  farnah). 


S    >    σ — e,    g.^    *Αριάσπψ  (Ariya   +    aspa),    'Μ.€νοστάνψ 

(manis  +  stana),  Ύστάσπψ  (Vistaspa). 


δ  >  σ — e.  g,^  ^Αρσάκψ  (Arsaka),  'ϋίασίστΎβ  (ma^ta), 
%ίτι.φέρνη%  (glyati  +  farnah). 

Z,Zd 

ζ  >  ξ — e,  g.^  *Αρταζάνψ  (arta  +  zana),  Ίαννοζάρκη^  (^tanfl 

+  vazarka). 
ζ  >  ζ—β.  g.^  ^Αρισταζάνψ  (^airista  +  zana). 
zd  >  ζ — e,  g.,  Όρομάζψ  (Auramazdah). 
zd  >  σδ — e,  g.^  ΑνρομΛσΒψ  (Auramazdah) 

Η 

Syncope  of  h — e,  g.^  Μα^άτψ  (m^h  -|-  d&ta).  "Μαίφάτψ 

(mah  +  pata). 
Aphieresis  of  h — e,  g,^  ^ΑχοΑψΛνψ  (Hazdmaafi), 

^Avestan. 


ANCIENT  PERSIAN  WORD-LIST 

The  following  is  a  list  of  the  Ancient  Persian  words 
forming  the  compounds  already  discussed,  together 
with  the  names  in  which  they  occur. 

A 

*atlta.       Αντοβάρης,  Αντοβοισάκης,  ΑντοφραΒάτη':. 

aura.  'Α/^ραδά-η^ς,  *Αβροκόμα<;,  Άβροκόμψ,  Αυραδάτα?, 
Ανρομάσ^ψ,  Όλοψέρνψ,  Όρόβαζος,  Όροβάτη^,  ΌροφΙρ- 
νη<ζ,  Ώρομάζης. 

a5*"i.       Άσιδάτα?,  *ΑσίΒάτη<;,  ΆτραΒάτψ,  Άτροπάτψ. 

*adu§•      Άδουσιο?. 

abiy.       *Αβίλτακα  (?). 

*ania.       Άρσάμα^,  Ώίσάμψ  (  ?  ) . 

*aran.a.       *Αρνάκη<ζ^  Άρνάτη/?. 

Ariya.  ^Αριαβίγνης,  Άρίαζο^,  Άρίατος,  *Αρίαμάζψ,  *Αρια- 
/icn/9,  *Αρίάμνη<5,  Άρίάσττψ,  Άρίβαζο^,  Άρίβαιοζ,  Apt^os, 
Άριμίνη':^  *Αρίόβαζο<;,  *Αριοβαρζάνη<:^  *Αριομάζη<!,  *Apto- 
μάνΒιμ,  Άριό/χ,αρδος,  *Αρίθφάρνηζ. 

arta.  ΆρΒάβασΒος,  Άρταβαζάνψ,  *Αρτά/?α^ος,  Άρταβάνης, 
Άρτάβανο^,  *Αρταβάρίθ<5,  ΆρταβάσΒψ^  ΆρτάβασΒος,  *Αρ- 
ταβάτας,  *Αρταβάτης,  *Αρτάβψ,  ΆρταβΙΒης,  *Αρτα•γ€ρσηί 
(  ?),  Άρταγυρσας  (  ?),  Άρταζωστρη  (  ?),  *Αρτακαμα  (  ?), 
Άρτακάμας  (?),  Άρτάμψ,  *Αρτάμνη';,  'Αρτάνης,  Άρτα^ά- 
νης  (?),  Άρτα^ας,  Άρτα^ατας,  Άρταέίρξης,  Άρτά^ψ, 
*Αρταξίας,  Άρτάοζος,  *Αρταον<χσΒη<;,  ^Αρτάτταζος,  Άρταπά- 
νη^,  'Αρταττάτα';,  Άρταπάττ;?,  Άρτάττηζ,  Άρτάρίος,  *Αρτα- 
σουρα5,Άρτασυρα9,Άρταυκτ7;5)Άρταυ  νττ^,Άρταυνττ^ς,Άρ- 
ταφίρνη^^  Άρταφρζνης,  Άρταχαίψ,  *Αρτ€μβαρψ,  Άρτοβα^ 
ζό.vη^y  Άρτόμας  (  ?) ,  Άρτόντψ  (  ?) ,  Άρτοξάρψ,  *ApTO^ep- 

(79) 


80  Ancient  Persian  Word-List 

ζψ,  Άρτόστη'ζ,  Άρτονχα<!  (  ?),  Άρτόχμης,  Άρτνβίος,  *Αρ- 
τνντηζ,  *Αρτνστωνη,  *Αρτνφίθ^. 

*artauni.      Άρτωνη,  "Α/οτωνι?. 

aXSa,n.  *Αρσάκη^,  *Αρσάμαζ,  'Αρσαμένης,  *Α/3σα/ι,7;,  *Αρσά- 
μψ,  Άρσίκας,  Άρσίμας,  Έ€ρ^ς,  %αρσάμα^  (  ? ) ,  Ώισά- 
μψ  (?). 

&Spa.  ^Αμαζάσττη^,  Άράσπας,  'Αρίάσττης,  *Αρίσβας  (  ? ) ' 
ΆροοαστΓΟ,  'Αστταδάττ^?,  Άσπαθίνηι;,  Ασττακος,  *ΑστΓαμί- 
τρη<ζ,  ΆστΓίσας,  Ααμασττία,  Ζαμάσφη<ζ,  Κρανάσττης,  Ότάσιτη^, 
ΤΙρα^άσττης,  'Ρωδάσπτ;?,  "Χατάσττης,  'Χ7Γαμίτρη<*,  Τιρυάσπι/ς, 
Ύνριάσττη'ζ,  Ύδάσιπ/?,  Ύστάσιπ;?,  Φαρνάσττη'»,  Χοάστη;?. 

υ 

U.  *Αμόρ•γη^,  *Αμνίτψ  Α/>ιυτΐ9,  *Ανο{5ης,  *Ατόσσα  (?),  Bt- 
σθάνης,  *Ε$άθρη<;,  Ευφράτη'!  (  ?  ) ,  Ίστάι^τ^ς  (  ? ) ,  Κυα^άρτ/ς, 
*Οάρση^  (  ?),  *Οάρτηζ  (  ?),  *Ομάργψ,  ^Ομάρ-γψ,  Όμάρτη'ί 
(?),  Όμάρτης  (?),  Ό$άθρψ,  Όξνάθρψ,  Όξυάρτη^  (?), 
Όζνθρης,  *Οτάγης  (  ? ) ,  Όταν?;?,  Ούδιάστ»;?,  Ύστάι^τ^ς, 
Χοάστττ/?. 

Κ 

kama.        *Αβροκόμας  (  ?  ) ,  *Αβρθκ6μης  (  ?  ) ,  *Αρτακαμά,  *Αρ- 

τακάμας,  Μασκάμψ. 
kar^.      Καρτώμψ  (?). 

karta.        Ίσδεγερδτ^ς,  *1σΒηγ€ρΒψ,  ΊσΒιγερΒψ. 
*krana.      Κρανάστη/ς  (?). 

Χ 

XSa^^'a.  *Αρτα$€ρ$ψ,  Άρτοζάρης,  *Αρτο$€ρζης,  Έ^άθρψ, 
ΜίθραξίΒψ  (?),  *0$άθρψ,  *0$νάθρη<:,  Όζνάρτη^  (  ?), 
*0$ν6ρη<ζ,  Χαθραβονζάΐ'η'ζ,  ^ατραβάτη<ζ,  Χατροττάτη'!,  Φαρ- 
ναζάθρψ,  Φαρνόζαρθος. 


Ancient  Persian  Word-List  81 

X§aya.      'Αρτά^ας,    Άρτά$ψ,    *Apra$iaSy    Μίθραξί^ς     (?), 

G 

*gau.       Τωβρίας    (  ? ) ,    Τωβρνας    (  ? ) ,    Κομάτη<!,    Τωττά/κΐ* 
(?),Τω7Γά/07;9   (?). 

*garsa.      *Αρτα•γίρση^  (  ?  ) ,  'Αρταγυρσας  (  ?  ) . 

C 

Canah.      *Ασπα^ίϊ'ϊ;«. 

ci^^a.         Μεγασιδρας,   Ύισσαφίρνη^,   Τριτοιχ/χ,ϊ^ς,   Τριταντοιχ- 

Cispi,  Caispi.       TcaoTri?,  Τίίστη;?. 

J 
*jaSta(jad).      Ον^ιάστη<;  (?). 

τ 

tanrng.       Καρτωμης  (  ?  ) ,  Μι^ρατώχ/ΑΤ/ς,  Τίριτουχ/Λτ;?. 

tauman     (power\    Tolman,    Lex.    and   Texts,   91). 

Καρτώ/ΜΤ^ς  (?) . 
*taxnia.       Ύριταί\μη<ζ,  Ύρίτανταίχμης. 

tana.     Ότάη/ς. 

*Tira.       Ύεφιβάζον,  Ύ€ριτονχμψ,  Ύηρίβαζος,  ΎηριΒάτψ,  Τι- 
ραίος,  Ύιρίβαζος,  Τιριδάττ^?. 

Θ 

^ata.       ^Εατάστη;?. 

OuTSi.      *Αρτασουρας,  *Αρτασυρα«. 

D 

dS.ta.      *Αβρα8άτηζ,  *Ασιαδάτας,  *Ασιδάττ;5,    *ΑτραΒάτηί^   Αυ- 

6 


8δ  Ancient  Persian  Word-List 

ραδάτα?,  Βαγαδάη/ς,  Βαγά^ωο«  (  ?),  ^αταφίρνψ  (  ?),  Δώ- 
TOS  (  ? ) ,  Μαγαδάτϊ/ς,  Μαδάτας,  Μαδ€Τ7;ς,  Μαιδάταί,  Μί- 
γαδάτί/ς,  Μι^ραδάττ/ς,  Μι^ριδάτ>;ς,  Μι^ριδάτις,  Μι^ραδαίος, 
Μιτραδαη;?,  Ό|οδάτ>/ς,  Όρονδάη;9,  Όρσοδατ»;?,  Παρσώνδ»;? 
(?),  5πι^αδατ);ς,  ^τηθροβάτψ  (?),  2<^€νταδάτ7;?,  Ττ/ριδά- 
nys,  Τιριδάττ;?,  ΦαρανΒάκψ,  Φαραν8άτη^,  Φ€ρ€νδάτ>;ς. 

data  (law).  Δα/λάτα?,  Αατάμας,  ύίατάμψ,  ΑαταφΙρνη';  (  ?), 
Δοτά/χα?. 

*dusta  (<  *dU§).       Μίγαδόσττ^ς. 

Ρ 

pata.  *Α•γραβάτη^,  *Α/07Γ<χτϊ;«,  ^Αρταβάτας,  *Αρταβάτη':,  *Αρ- 
ταττάτας,  *Αρταπάτη<;,  Άτροπάτη<ζ,  Βαγατταΐο?,  Βαγαπάττ;?, 
Ίζαβάτης,  'Ι$αβάτψ,  Ί$αλβάτη^,  Μαίφάτψ,  Μαρσαβάτη^, 
Mcya^Sar/ys,  Μιθροβαΐος,  Μιτροβάτη^,  Νορονδα^βάττ^ς, 
*0  κοντό  βάτη'5,  ΌμονΒοβάτη^,  'Οροβάτη<;,  ΌρονΒαβάτη^, 
Όρονδαπάνττ/ς,  Όροντοττάτη';^  ΎοΖοβάτψ,  'Χατραβάτη^, 
^ατροττάτη^,  Τιγραττάτη^,  Φαρναττάτψ,  Φαρνικάτης. 

paru.      Παρΰσατις,  Πυράττι?,  Φάρξιρις  (  ?  )  ,  Φάρσιρι?  (  ?  ) . 

*parsana.       Παρσώνδτ;^   (  ?  ) . 

pitar.       ΦριατΓίτη^. 

F 

farnah.  Άναφά?,  Άνάψψ,  Άριοφάρνη'ί,  *Αρταφίρνη^,  *Αρ- 
ταφρενηζ,  Βα^αφαρμάνμ,  Βαρζαφάρντμ,  Βαρνάβαζος,  Δαϊ- 
φάρνης,  Δαιφίρντ;? ,  Δαταφβρη;?,  *ϊνταφ€ρνης,  Μαιφαρνος, 
Μ€γαβ€ρνη<ζ,  Μιτραφίρνη<ϊ,  Μαοφέρνψ,  Όλοφερνη»;,  Όνα- 
φέρνης,  *Οροφέρνη<ζ,  '^αιταφάρνη^ ,  "^ατιφερνη^,  Ύασίφ€ρνη<!, 
Ύισσαφ€ρνη<ζ,  ΦαρανΒάκη<;,  ΦαρανΒάτης,  Φαρνάβαζος,  Φαρ- 
ναζάθρψ,  Φαρνάκη,  Φαρνάκης,  Φάρνακος,  Φαρί'ακι'α?,  Φαρ- 
ναττάτης,  Φαρνάσττης,  Φαρνόξαρθος,  Φαρνονχη<:,  Φαρνονχος, 
Φεραύλης  (  ? )  ,  ΦερίνΒάτη'!,  Φερεσσευης  (  ? ) ,  Φρανικάτης, 
ΦραταφΙρνης. 


Ancient  Persian  Word-List  8θ 

*frS.ta.      Ενφράτας  (  ?  ) ,  Φραταγουη;,  Φραταφίρνη^. 
*fravartl.      Φραόρτης. 

*frahata.    Φραάτη^  (?). 

Β 

baga.  Βαγαδάη^ς,  Βάγα^05,  Βαγά^ωος,  Βαγαΐος,  ΒαγαπαΓος, 
Βαγαπάττ^?,  Βαγασάκτ^ς,  Βαγόρα^ος,  Βαγωδάραν,  Βαγωδαρα- 
mv,  Βασσάκτ;?,  Μαγαδάτ);?,  Μαγαϊος,  ^Ιεγαβάζη*:,  Μ€γά)8α- 
^os,  Μεγαβάρης,  Μίγα/δάτϊ/ς,  Mcya^Scpjo^s,  Mcyci^v^os,  Mc- 
γαδάττ/?,   ΜΓ/αδόστι/5,   Μεγάπανος,   Μεγασιδρας,  Mcya^ep- 

bara.      ^Αρταβάρως,   'Apraptos    (  ? ) ,   *Α.ρτίμβάρη<ί^  Αντοβά- 

ρης,   Bovβάpη<Sy   Βουπάρ7;ς,   Με^/αβάρη^,  ΟΙβάρα^,  ΟΙβάρα^, 

ΟΙβάρης,  Όρσο^αρι?,  "Χαηβάρα^. 
*baruva.      Τωβρία^  (  ?),  Γω^ρυα?  (  ?),  Τωπαρας  (  ?),  Τω- 

τταρί/ς  (?). 
*bard.        ΆρίόμαρΒο^     (?),     Μαρδονττ/^,     Μάρδος,     MtpSi9, 

2/Λ€ρδις,  '^μερΒομενης. 
*bigna.      Άριχιβίγνη*:. 
*bu.      Βου^άκ7;ς,  Βονβάρης,  Βονπάρψ. 
*bTlX§a.       Βό|ος  (  ?  ) ,  Mc/ajSv^os. 

Μ 

mata.      Κο/ΐιάπ;?  (  ?),  Ματάκ»;?  (  ?). 
madista.      Μασίσττ/ς,  Μασίστιος,  Μασίστρης. 

Mada.     Μ^δο?. 

manis.  Άρίαμίν/μ,  *Αριάρ,η;ς  (  ? ) ,  Άριμένη^,  'Αρσα/ΐίντ/ς, 
*Αρτάμη^,  'Αρτάμνη';,  ^Αρτάνης,  *Αχαίμενης,  ΆχαίμενίΒη^, 
^ΐ€ραμενη<ζ,  Μενίσκος  (  ? ) ,  Μίνοστάι/?;?  (  ? )  >  ^€φάμνη^ 
(  ?),  ^ίσάμνη^,  ^τηταμά%,  ^ττι.ταμενψ,  Sra/icnys  (?),  Φρα- 
Βασμενη':  (?),  Φαρασμάνη<:  (  ?),  Φαρισμάνης  (  ?). 

*marga.  *Αμ6ργης,  *Ομάργψ,  *Ομάργψ,  *Ομάρτη%  ( ?) , 
*Ομαρτη^   (  ?  ) . 


84  Ancient  Persian  Word-List 

*mardtma.     Μαρδόνιο?  (?),  ΜάρΒων  (?). 

♦mardvan.      Μαρδόνιο?  (?),  Μόρδων  (?). 

mazdah.  ΑνρομάσΒης,  Μάταια,  Μα^αϊο?,  Μαζάκης^  Μα^ά- 
ρης,  Μάζαρο<!,  Μα^^η;ς,  Ώρομάζψ. 

mah.  Μαδάτα?,  Μαδ€7τ;9,  Μάψ,  Μαιβονζάνη^,  Μαιδάτας, 
Μαίφαρνο'*^  Μαίφάττ^^. 

Mi^a  (Mitra).  ^Αρμαμίθρψ^  'Αστταμίτρης,  Μηθραφίρνψ, 
Μητρωστη^,  Μίθαρος,  ΜίθραΒάτη':,  Mi^patos,  Μιθράνη^, 
Μίθρα$ί8ης,  Μίθρας,  Μίθρατώχμης,  Μιθρανστη^,  Μίθρηνης, 
ΜίθριΒάτις,  Μιθρίνης,  Μίθροά$ης,  ΜίθροβαΙος,  Μίθροβαρ- 
ζάνης,  Μίθροβονζάνης,  Μι^ροδαΐος,  Μι^ροτταυση;?,  Μι^ρω- 
ττασττ;?,  Μιτρα,  Μιτραγά^ς,  Μιτραδαττ;?,  Μιτραΐο?,  Μιτρά- 
νης^  Μιτραφερντ/ς,  Μίτροβάτης,  Ύεομίθρης,  "Χιρομίτρης,  2ι- 
σιιΛθρψ,  "^^ονσαμίθρψ,  '^^τταμίτρψ,  "Ω/ιιισο?. 

Υ 

yam.      Άβίλτακα  (*Α^ιάτακα)   (?). 

R 

*ramna.     *Αρίαράμνψ. 

*rudra.      'Ροδογουη;,  Τωδάστπ;?  (?). 

V 

*vax§tra.     Κναξάρψ. 

Vardana.  *Αρωβαρζάνψ,  *Αρτίβαρζάνης,  Βαρζάνης,  Μιθρο- 
βαρζάνης,  Ναβαρζάνψ. 

*varsan.     Όάρσψ  ( ?),  Όάρτης  ( ?). 

Vazarka.     Ταναο^αρτ^ς,  Ύαχ'νο^άρκ-ης. 

Vahauka.     Ώχο«. 

Va(h)u.  Άρτόμας  (  ?  ) ,  Άρτονχας  (  ?  ) ,  Δαρειαία,  Ααρ€ΐαίας, 
Δαρ€ΐαΓος,  Aapctos,  Ααρίηκψ,  "Οβορζος  (  ?  ) ,  ΟΙβάρας  (  ?  ) , 
ΟΙβάρας,  ΟΙβάρης  (?),  ΟΙόβαζος  (?),  "Ω/ασο?. 


Ancient  Persian  Word-List  85 

*Vid.      ΆρταβίΒψ. 

*vidarna.     ΊΒ€ρνης,  ΎΒάρνης, 

*vi°da(t).      Ίνταφεριτης. 
*vista.      Ύστάστη;?. 

S 

*saka.       Βαγασάκψ  (  ?  ) ,  ΤΙετησάκψ  (  ?  ) . 
Suguda.      laoycdos,  ^εκυί'διαί'ός,  ^ογδιανός,  "^ό-γΒίος, 
Stana*      Βίσθάνη<;,  Ίστάη;?,  Μ€νοστάνης,  Ύστάνη^, 
Spada.       Ύανοσβάτης  (?). 

♦spi^^'a.        :^7ηθραΒάτη<!    (  ?),    ^ττιθ ριΖάτη^    (  ?),    Ι^ττίθροβά- 
rrjsi?). 

W 

S 

siySti.       ΓΓαρυσατις,     Πυράττις,     'Χατφάρας,     "Χαηβαρζάνη^, 
'Χαηφ€ρνης,  ΎασιφΙρνης,  Φάρζφις  (  ? ) ,  Φάρσιρις  (?) . 

Ζ 

zana.      *Αρίσταζάνη<:,  Άρταζάνης. 

Η 

*haxa  (nom.  sing.).       ^λχαψίνψ,  *Αχαιμ€νίΒης. 
ham.     Άμηστρίζ  (  ?  ) . 
*huta.     Ότάστπ;^  (?). 


HYPOCORISTIC  SUFFIXES 

Suffixes  used  in  forming  hypocoristic  names,  to- 
gether with  the  names  in  which  they  appear. 

a.      *ΑΒ€νψ,   *Απά/Αα,   Βόγψ,   Μάης    (?),   ^τάγης    (  ?),   Τά- 

(a)iya.  Άδοΰσιος,  'Apiatos,  *Αρίβαιος,  Βαγαϊος,  Βαγατταΐος, 
Βουγαϊος,  *ΙμαΙος,  Μαγαϊος,  Μάταια,  Μάταιος,  Μασισηος, 
Mephis,  ΜίθραΙος,  Μιτ/οαϊος,  'Μ.ονχαΐο<;,  2jU.c/o8ts,  Tipatos. 

(a)ka•  *Κρνάκψ,  *Αρσάκης^  Άρσίκας  (  ? ) ,  Άσπακος,  Βα- 
ζάκης,  ^ηϊόκης,  Μαζάκης,  Ματάκης,  Μζνίσκος,  ΤΙασάκης 
(  ? ) ,  Ύωσάκψ  (  ?  ) ,  2τα^5άκί/ς,  Φαρνάκη,  Φαρνάκη';,  Φάρ- 
νακος. 

(a)na.  'Α^άντ;?,  Βα^άΐΊ/ς  (  ? ) ,  Μαζηνης,  Μίθράνης,  Μιθρη- 
νης,  Μιτράντ;?. 

(a)ra.       Μαζάρη^,  Μάζαρος,  Μασίστρης. 

(i)ka.      Άρσικας  (?),  Τα^ονικτ/ς. 

(i)na.      Βαρσίνη  (  ?) ,  Op^tn;?,  Ταδίντ/ς,  Ταβίι^ς. 

(i)ta.      Άρσίτη';. 

(Tl)ka.      ΦαρίΌυ;(>;5,  Φορνοϋχος. 

(86) 


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